Gender Socialization Essay

The term, gender, refers to the socially learned expectations and behaviors associated with being male or female. Gender affects socialization in many ways, and begins primarily at birth. Gender affects how parents treat their children, how the work field treats males and females, and how each gender chooses friends. The gender of a child is extremely important to the parent. The gender will guide the parent on how to raise and treat the child. Parents are more likely to be more stern and rough with a baby boy rather than a baby girl. Parents of a girl are likely to be more gentle, soft, and patient with the new baby. This gender socialization example is due to our masculine and feminine culture. The most important and obvious gender socialization example is in the work field. Gender greatly affects the socialization process between males and females. Males are considered to be strong and powerful, while females are thought to be weak and secondary. From the beginning of time, men were to work hard and provide for the family, while females were to take care of the home and children. Today, men are still more likely to be powerful leaders, CEO’s, etc†¦ however; many women are top executives and are very capable of being so. Finally, gender affects the way people choose friends and social activities. Men are more likely to choose other men as friends, and same with women. Humans enjoy spending time with people that are similar to themselves. Men will also engage in masculine activities such as hunting, fishing, and running, while women engage in feminine activities such as shopping, tanning, and reading. Gender subconsciously helps make our daily decisions. I’ve never thought about gender being such an important aspect in our daily lives. Gender affects socialization in so many different ways; parents raising their children, the work environment, and choosing friends. Gender socialization is extremely important in today’s society.

Existentialism And Modern Analysis

In his writing, Sartre adheres to the famous construct of † the theory of compromise† , as can be seen in his novel â€Å"Nausea†. This † theory of compromise† theme lends itself to the tenets of post-structuralism. Sartre's writings bear much truth, rather, they are all excellent and sublime in their characteristic beauty. Jean-Paul is the father of Existentialist philosophy, in the realm of Literary Studies and the Existentialist movement has been extremely popular amongst Marxists for it seems that Sartre's world view appealed greatly to Marxist sentiments and sensibilities. Sartre's passionate tone and empathic writing ( writing that has the quality of being ‘for the masses')influences one to give the subject of his fervent ruminations and expressions; only the most undivided actualization of esteem, a delegation of importance to Sartre's writings and simply put- one's full attention. The French writer Sartre never failed to extol the ideas behind how ‘Existentialist philosophy is real human philosophy'. Existentialism, in the briefest of lexical salutes, affirms this belief: that people are always in search of something to accomplish in their lives, and even if the most common observation resulting from surveys about the practices of Existentialists; is how they almost never finish what they begin to ‘do' – observations that posit negativity, focusing on the process of how individuals manage their existence instead of outcomes and products, is an immortal tribute to the quality of human living. History can only repeat itself, so much so that definable and manifested change is no longer necessary for positive developments to arise in the history of human civilization. One social institution that can be analyzed using the Existentialist paradigm would be the work force involved in public works and highways. These people dig on freeways that they close off at time in order to fix the plumbing system of cities. They also work in the suburbs. We can look into the life of the lead character of Jean Paul Sartre's â€Å" Nausea†, Antoine Roquentin. Antoine, as the narrator of â€Å"Nausea†, begins his story by saying that â€Å" Tomorrow it will rain in Bouville†. Antoine is a writer who settled in Bouvile ( France) for three years and Mr. Roquentin was conducting historical research on the life of the Marquis de Rollebon. The main concern of the existentialist musings of Antoine was the FACTICITY of life. Facticity, according to Melanie Revienne in â€Å" Existentialist Philosophy and Jean Paul Sartre† is signifies all of the concrete details against the background of which human freedom exists and is limited.. But Antoine is able to gain an epiphany regarding his existence when he thinks to himself, â€Å" People. You must love people. Men are admirable. I want to vomit-and suddenly there is Nausea†¦ Nausea-blinding evidence- I exist- the world exists-I know the world exists. That's all, it makes no difference Time. † Roquentin, at some point in his research becomes bored with the character of Marquis de Rollebon, and instead, he becomes obsessed with the idea that he is actually, writing a book. Antoine is also very preoccupied with the process of regaining the affections and feelings of his former lover Anny, to which she has this to say, â€Å" You can't begin again. † In the end, Antoine becomes fixated with the making of records- musical records- â€Å" the song of the Negresse singer- and he decides to cease working on his book and to try his hand at the production of recorded music in vinyl. â€Å" You must be like us, suffer in rhythm. SPIN ( the city is first to abandon me ) Strains of music above can proudly carry their own death within themselves like an internal necessity, only, they don't exist. A book! Be above existence, make people ashamed of their existence- beautiful, hard as steel. And I might succeed, in the past, nothing but in the past – in accepting myself. † Then Antoine, does â€Å"begin again† when he ends his story, using the same line, â€Å" Tomorrow it will rain in Bouville. † The diggers of the city have all of the systematic order and precision that Antoine evoked as the principal of life. They have the routine boredom of â€Å"nausea†. The diggers have all the time in the world to contemplate the past by the very act of using their work instruments in order to take from the surface, the concrete, grit and hollow that was, and to study the pipes of the city. The water pipes have their tales to tell. And they too can â€Å" begin again† when they close one land orifice ( hole) that they have dug, and start with another section. They make beautiful, the otherwise mundane task of working for the public works and highways.

The Middle Ground Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Middle Ground - Assignment Example One plans to propose a resolution to the conflict, even in theoretical means, as disputing parties, particularly China, signify a selfish approach by indicating suggested resolution from the international organization that is assigned to resolve territorial disputes using the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS). In this regard, one hopes that the reader would understand the arguments posed by each party and decide for themselves, other alternative courses of action that would assist in resolving the dispute. 2) What did you learn from completing this assignment? Did you experience a new understanding of the topic? Did you change your perspective after completing the research? One learned that there are some issues or controversies that are not simple and that would require some form of third party mediation to resolve. However, in this case, it is more complex since China explicitly indicated refusal to accept third party resolutions to the dilemma. As a result, one definitely experienced greater depth in understanding the topic and enabled one to gain increased appreciation for conflict negotiations or resolving issues using middle ground concepts. 3) What difficulties did you encounter during the research, writing, or editing phases of the assignment? The difficulties encountered during the process were trying to locate authoritative information on the topic being researched and to find a balanced discourse that would present both sides of the arguments. There were also some challenges in trying to fit the arguments into the specified word count and therefore observe quality in writing. Finally, there was extreme difficulty in proposing a middle ground solution because of China’s stance on the issue. 4) What did you enjoy about this assignment? The assignment proved to be very enlightening and informative in terms of the knowledge gained from the research. One learned to use skills in research, writing and editing to ensure that the f inal structure would comply with the needed requirements. Therefore, the assignment was an opportunity for both personal and professional growth. 5) What made you decide to write about this particular topic? Is this a topic that you are discussing in another course? Is this a topic that concerns you in particular? The topic was decided on due to its current nature and the controversial issues that emerged. Likewise, one could note that since this is a territorial dispute between China and the Philippines, one might conclude that other countries are not, in any way, affected by the issues. However, one believes that its immediate resolution would benefit, not only these countries, but others who trade and inter-relate with them in any way. 6) Is there anything else you would like for me to know before reading your essay? None anymore, except that this middle ground essay is an effective way of enhancing skills in both thinking (analytical) and writing and is therefore a rewarding end eavor. The Middle Ground Essay Introduction and Claim The topic to be discussed, evaluated and expounded on is the current maritime and territorial dispute over Scarborough Shoal by two countries: China and the Philippines. According to the website Disputed Territories, â€Å"the Philippines controls and runs this group, but China (People's Republic of China) lays claim to it, as part of its Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority, and Taiwan (Republic of China) expresses sovereignty too, in the context of being the 'true ruler of China'† (Disputed Territories par. 1). As disclosed by BBC News Asia, â€Å"China's claim includes almost the entire South China Sea, well into what the UN Convention on the Law

Business Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Plan - Coursework Example Contextually, this business plan provides an overview of ownership and structure of the proposed business along with the team formation that is to be followed in the operational department of the business. The plan also depicts the marketing strategy of the business to penetrate and get established in the market of Liverpool. Contextually, an analysis of the competitors and their strengths and weaknesses has also been depicted in the plan in order to get a comprehensive understanding about the competitive nature of the overall market. The business proposal also incorporates an effective and relevant estimation of investment needs along with the required budget for the first three years from the start-up of the venture. 2. The Business Idea In relation to the present unconventional scenario of the global restaurant industry, a dramatic growth of the buffet restaurant business can be observed as obtaining greater interests of the modern entrepreneurs. The emerging trend of the changing food habits along with growing performance of the world-cuisine business concept have been rapidly demonstrating a greater opportunity for the marketers to achieve a stable business position in the fiercely competitive restaurant industry. ... ost preferred and reliable restaurant company in terms of delivering customers with exceptional and quality based multi-cuisine food items, exhibiting a wide range of global cultures and thereby, taking a plunge towards generating awareness regarding the ethnic richness of the corresponding global nations. Moreover, the other core objectives of the venture would be focused on achieving a minimum growth of 10% in its profitability each month after the start up. In addition, attaining the desired sales target of ?80,000 in the first year and augmenting its annual sales around 15% in the 2nd year of the venture can also be considered as the other primary objectives of the organisation. With regard to the changing trends of the global customers along with increasing demand of world-cuisine restaurants, the primary aim of this report is to prepare an effective and relevant business plan for establishing a multi-cuisine buffet store in the growing UK buffet restaurant industry. The propose d business plan would be included relevant information and idea with respect to the management body, operational functions along with financial projections to be a successful entrepreneur in the growing buffet industry of the UK. In order to increase the efficiency of the proposed plan, the proposal would also focus on accumulating relevant information about the ownership structure and the relevant legal frameworks in order to protect the organisation from different external threats and issues that might be witnessed in its initial phase of development. 3. Background of the UK Buffet Restaurant Industry In relation to the present trend of the global restaurant industry, it is obvious to recognize dramatic changes in the food habits or preferred food items of the global customers. Moreover,

Choose one of the two question on counter terrorism policy Essay

Choose one of the two question on counter terrorism policy - Essay Example Counter terrorism strategy has four main pillars with a framework for a comprehensive response to terrorism at an international level. The pillars are preventing individuals from becoming terrorists, protecting civilians and infrastructure by ensuring there is reduced vulnerability to attacks, disrupting support networks for terrorists, managing and minimizing the consequences that may arise in case of a terror attack. Therefore, this strategy requires working at an international level and despite the fact that these measures are a step forward in combating terrorism, countering terrorism still remains a problem due to lack of clearly defined policies. Public Policy Perspective of Counterterrorism Much counterterrorism policies are expressed in prevention terms and not as a precautionary measure.2 Moreover, counter terrorism efforts will constitute all the necessary actions taken by a government in trying to hinder attacks; hence, its formulated policies should try to reflect the goa ls and missions of the government. Therefore, having a future measure can consist of actions such as the distinguishing of practices that involve counter terrorism. There are three main aims that governments have during the outlining of a government’s goal in trying to counter the terrorist attacks, which include preventing the escalation of terror attacks, eliminating terrorism and minimizing the damages that might be caused in case of a terror attack. Eliminating terrorist involves destruction of terrorist organizations while actions involved in minimizing damage that may occur in case of an attack include trying to reduce possible future attacks or preventing suicide bombings. The acts of avoiding the spread of both scope of terror attacks and conflicts are key prevention measures for terrorism. In enhancing these policies, most governments preclude organizations from being able to gain certain political achievements such as receiving support from a foreign country. The ne w legislations that we rely on have legal solutions that rely on judgment placed on judges’ hands.3 The policies should be made based on actions that are accepted in the society. This error requires overspecialization of counterterrorism officers in order to diminish impaired judgments against them.4 One of the democratic measures that a government can take is understanding the various factors that motivate and process radicalization; hence, it is important to acknowledge the fact that acknowledging the difficulty of eliminating a threat is the first step in developing strategies for combating terrorism. International Relation Perspective of Counterterrorism grand Strategy The states have a variety of ways in which they can tackle terrorism on an international system. For instance, EU member states have tried to put measures that will combat terrorism in their EU level. Moreover, governments face a number of challenges within the strategies they use for combating terrorism. T he EU coordinators have a setback, which are unable to coordinate complex areas of counterterrorism due to diverse structures.5 For instance, Europe had a surge in the national terrorism when it combined with other groups such as IRA from

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Management - Essay Example Till now, the organisation has more than 240 aircrafts serving over 33 million passengers (British Airways-a, 2009). In the 2009, the company has earned a revenue amount of ?8,992 million (British Airways-b, 2009). As in the year 2009, the company has employed more than 40000 people. Since its privatisation back in the year 1987, the company has experience a continual growth with intensified competition across the globe. The Airways Company has marked its significant presence through being the first airline to contribute to reduce the greenhouse emissions. The company has also been the first to allow its passengers to get the online boarding passes. In the recent downturn British Airways has experienced enough slowdown in the passenger traffic. Despite of the fact, it can be anticipated that British Airways would be able to grow with appropriate framing of strategies and required guidelines to move towards successful strategic direction. This report discusses both the macro and micro environments of British Airways. The internal analysis of the company includes an analysis of the company’s strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities with an insight into the financial analysis of the company. At the end, recommendations have been provided with a discussion of the present strategies. A conclusion has been inferred from the analysis with an effort to have a better idea of the strategic management of British Airways. Macro-Environment Analysis Porter’s Five Force Analysis â€Å"The economic structure of an industry is not an accident. Its complexities are the result of long-term social trends and economic forces† (Ehmke, Fulton & Akridge, n.d., p.1). â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces provides a convenient framework for exploring the economic factors that affect the pro?ts and prices of an industry† (Australian School of Business, n.d., p.1). Threat of New Entrants The Airline industry demands a considerable amount of capital as in s et up and large investment. Till sometime back, the probability of new entrants used to be quite low. However, with the increased easiness in the loan and credit accessibility, it can be expected that an increasing number of companies may enter into the business. If the borrowing is cheap, this can pose as a major challenge for the existing airlines with intensified competition to make the market saturated (Investopedia, n.d.). However, that does not imply that the entry is going to be easy in this industry. As the industry demands huge investment in the fixed assets, there exists a considerable amount of exit barriers. Factors like competitive environment, high regulation requirements and high capital requirements are significant barriers to entry. The services in this industry considerably differentiated with increasing degrees of quality, customer service and convenience. The company is a famous airlines company which also operates in alliance in the international routes, which w ould be tough for the new entrants to be into international alliance. So, the entry barrier is high in this industry. Bargaining Power of the Suppliers The airline companies do not have enough choices in case of their

Analysis of Soft Systems Methodology in Relation to Construction Essay

Analysis of Soft Systems Methodology in Relation to Construction Projects - Essay Example .................6 Methodology of SSM in Construction Project Risk Management.............................7 Limitations of SSM and Need to use Hard Systems..................................................8 References..................................................................................................................10 Analysis of the Soft Systems Methodology in Construction Projects Construction projects are complex processes that incorporate many skills, materials, and different operations (Sears et al, 2008). There is therefore a need for numerous skills and techniques to be put together to ensure the best results are attained, not only for the contractors but numerous stakeholders involved in the project. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) seeks to inquire about the perceptions and preferences of different stakeholders in a given construction project (Andrews, 2000). In other words, SSM is a method of giving some kind of legitimacy to a project by trying to understand th e desires and needs of various people who affect or are affected by the construction project at hand. SSM tries to investigate complex issues and problems that are not well defined on the basis of numerous stakeholder views and demands and upgrade the knowledge about a project and integrate them in the project (Checkland, 1999). Basically, SSM is a system of investigating and understanding the environment within which a construction project will be undertaken. ... Information is solicited from the various stakeholders through questionnaires or through external consultants. This information is collated and present to the project managers for incorporation into the full project. Merits of Soft Systems Methodology in Construction Projects Tayyab et al (2005) identify that construction projects face challenges that cannot be underestimated due to safety, competition and complexities. This is because the failure of a construction project can potentially lead to unimaginable fatalities that can have far-reaching effects on human lives. Secondly, competition in the building industry requires that all the stakeholders in a given project are satisfied otherwise there would be consequences for a construction company. Additionally, the harmonization of standards around the globe and the desire for high standards by various stakeholders in the world today require critical satisfaction of customer demands. Traditional approaches to the management of projec t systems that are focused on operations and technicalities are therefore not good enough any more (Tayyab et al, 2005). There is the need to satisfy all the needs of the various stakeholders to ensure that a construction project meets its objectives and does so very well. Soft Systems Methodology ensures that purposeful and deliberate action is undertaken to understand and upgrade the knowledge of the contractors to ensure that the construction project at hand is completed according to the demands of various stakeholders. The CATWOE model enables all the various stakeholder needs and demands to be put into perspective and honour them as the project is being undertaken.

The Case of Mann Gulch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Case of Mann Gulch - Essay Example Mr. Dodge is seen to portray poor leadership in a number of ways. First and foremost, he took out his team on a mission without even proper familiarization with his crew members. He never knew even the names of the crew members but was supposed to command them. He only came to learn of their names in the field. Secondly, he was a quiet person which even made it had for him to build mutual and collaborative interactions with his crew. Thirdly, he never kept his crew intact by providing unified leadership. There were many cases of disunity that he was not sensitive to. Lastly, he was supposed to make his crew aware of his decisions which left them wondering the reason why he was lighting a backfire. Their decisions were out of ignorance. Some other people see the fault to this problem in poor training of the crew members. Despite the fact that smoke jumpers are highly trained individuals, the crew on the Mann Gulch fire case lacked experience in firefighting. Most of the people on the crew were young people who had lacked any form of experience in firefighting fire. This explains the reason why they panic was too high for them making them come up with wrong decisions. In this case, research made by urban fighters on the performance of firefighters showed that experienced firefighters have their performance improved under high stress and uncertainty while those inexperienced have their performance decline under such conditions. This level of panic was also amplified by the level of disintegration witnessed in the crew. In such a case, it is very difficult to follow orders. On matters of recommended approaches, it is important that crew leadership familiarizes with crew members and agree on collaborative operation before setting out on a mission.

A Critcal Analysis of W. James Work on Varieties of Religious Essay

A Critcal Analysis of W. James Work on Varieties of Religious Experiences - Essay Example James defines religious experiences as feelings and acts of men that are dependent on what is considered to be divine. His method of studying religious experiences is based on the definition. He relies on four forms of experiences (Totor2u, 2009). The first form explains that experiences are unique to an individual and can only be explained by the person who goes through them. The second form gives an insight to the truth while the third one is short lived. Finally, the last experience is supernatural in nature, and it takes over the human body (Totor2u, 2009). His study on varieties of religious experiences addresses the usefulness of religion in human experiences. Given the fact that he does not dismiss the important role played by science in people’s lives, he tries to create a science of religion with the aim of authenticating religion. For James, it is through varieties that unscientific phenomena can be addressed (Pomerleau, 2002). According to his explanation, science cannot be sure whether religious phenomena are genuine or fraudulent. As such, means of dealing with such discrepancies must be developed. However, he agrees that religious accounts may not always be reliable because people tend to profile their experiences around that which they consider most significant (Cho, 1996). James notes that there is a gap between scientific explanation of phenomena and religious reasons that is hard to understand. The level from which situations can be explained through philosophy is different from religious understanding. He acquires evidence from people believe in supernatural forces to control events. The occurrence of unexplainable events is enough evidence to prove that these forces are real. Since it is what an individual believes in, it is perceived to be the truth (Boston, 2000). The point at which things happen without explanation takes the form

Ethical Matters Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical Matters - Research Paper Example Universal ethical principles are necessary to have considering the fact that, every profession in the world have shown that without ethical principles delivering the calling of that profession is not a guarantee. Consider a profession that deals directly with the life of a person. Without ethical principles, anyone in the profession can violate the rights of the citizens. Coming to the world of business, ethics govern back and forth the events pertaining to good business. Universal ethical principles in many occasions are a recipe for good leadership and governance. The legislations of laws governing the human nature in a given country have the spirit of universal ethics manifested in it. Universal ethics serve to bring unity and uniformity among professionals in their line of duty. It further ensures that there is a clear course to be pursued in addressing the needs of the clients. Consider the various professionals in the world, without universal ethics, the so far made technologic al advances, no one knows; maybe it would have brought disaster to the world. The 1st fundamental principle of ethics is that of respect for autonomy. Everyone has the obligation to respect the decision of others especially if it concerns their lives. This principle goes a long way in shaping a person’s character to the effect that others will appreciate the tolerance they have towards the lifestyle others. The other principle is that of beneficence; every individual has an obligation to bring about good things in whatever they engage in. the third principle is that of nonmaleficence. This principle requires of us not to harm others; and if we cannot avoid the harm, our effort should be to minimize the harm. The last fundamental principle is that of justice; this principle requires of us to accord others whatever is they are rightly owed. In public life for example, we have an obligation to treat all people equally, fairly, and impartially. Therefore, in the case where others are treated unfairly, our obligation therefore, will be to work for the benefit those who are unfairly treated (Adler, 1996) From the works of Plato and Aristotle, good life can be termed as being able to live up to the ethical and moral standards in the society. In order to live morally, one must uphold the spirit of morality, which does not depend on any benefits coming about by being moral. Consider a situation where one lies for self interest; on the contrary, it is expected that everyone can benefit if people accept self denial. People should be able to appreciate their long term interests; this is however not the case, most people subscribe to the austere view that justification of moral principles should be independent of our interests (Devettere, 2002). In doing our duties we should be foster a lifestyle in which virtue should be the only reward to enable us assume no other benefit in doing our duty. To achieve this, people should embrace contend in their lifestyle. More of ten than not, greed crops in when we are serving others and in the course of event we want to believe that whatever is ours by right is not enough so much, so that we sacrifice what belongs to others. By also embracing the call for duty to serve others, without wanting to mind of what benefits we can get out of it, we can no doubt lead a good life (Adler, 1996) . Ethics can be categorized as

Police Influence on Society Essay Example for Free

Police Influence on Society Essay Historically, this nation of the United States has proven many times over its dominance over those who are different to those in power. The United States has proven time and again that it can and will discriminate against others it considers less than equal. This is proven and demonstrated to all U. S citizens and those who are not, in our history books throughout school. Every year affording student’s new information of how the United States demonstrates its power over those that are different. From the demise of many Native American tribes; the internment of Japanese Americans after Pearl Harbor; the discrimination and segregation of African Americans; to the constant current discrimination to those people of different origins, whose language and customs differ from that of the status quo. The United States; although, has demonstrated preference to what is referred to as â€Å"White privilege† has consistently demonstrated countless efforts and successes against prejudice and discrimination that have led this country to focus continually on equality and justice for all. The dominant group is the group in power and so by definition is the group that establishes control. In order for a nation, such as the United States, to establish a dominance that will encourage all people to follow suit, the key lies in establishing a common ground. Control in itself is a trait that no one wants as a descriptor, but as a way to describe a united front it is more than acceptable. Having control over a population through laws and regulations that the people themselves agree to is control through the general consent. Laws and regulations meant to establish order and protection to its people also establish control within the government that governs over the people. Policing is a primary way for the government to serve and protect its people as well as its own interests. Policing serves many purposes but the primary purpose is to protect. But, who do the police protect? The wealthy have an economic position that frees them from the need to commit crimes such as theft, while the poor live in economic despair that tempts them to commit these crimes, or so it is believed. In reality, no one is exempt of crime; anyone is capable of committing crimes and need is not always the deciding factor. Those fortunate of economic wealth also enjoy the privilege of a high social status, and those of high social status do not need nor do they commit crimes. A myth, of course, but still believed by many. On the other hand, the less fortunate suffer discrimination based on their poor economic status among other factors. â€Å"Minorities experience unequal treatment and have less power over their lives than members of a dominant group† (Robert McNamara, 2009). To understand how discrimination has changed throughout the years, it is important to understand the gradual but never ending influx of people from different countries into American soil. The concept of discrimination is fairly odd considering all people within the United States with the exception of Native Americans are all immigrants to this great nation and yet generation after generation people continually do to new cultures that which was once experienced by them and is possibly still experienced by their race or ethnic group. People that have lived within the United States eventually gain a sense of â€Å"national identity† and â€Å"identify with being part of the larger society† (Robert McNamara, 2009). With so many different people coming in to the country they not only bring everything which is good about their culture but also that which is negative and affects the U.S as a whole. Discrimination is not based solely on a different culture; race, etc. but rather the negative aspects endured by the American public by a few anti-social individuals that bring disgrace upon a certain group. The events occurring on September 11th were not the actions of all Arabs or Muslims, but rather of a few and because of them all that resemble those who attacked have become the target of discrimination. Because of the actions of certain individuals, the groups that they belong to or are associated with tend to be at the receiving end of discrimination to the point that law enforcement finds it necessary to profile in order to perform their duties (Bass, 2001). Policing in the United States reflects discriminatory actions much like many other countries. The race or ethnic background in American history, when it refers to discrimination is not relative because discrimination is not limited to certain groups. Discrimination is an act that affects those that are different from the dominant population. Law enforcement discriminates not because someone is from a different race or because a race or ethnic group commits a certain amount or types of crime. Discrimination in its purest form is simply â€Å"White America† unwilling to accept difference and those with â€Å"national identity† forgetting their own history. References Bass, S. (2001). Policing space, policing race: Social control imperatives and police discretionary decisions. Social Justice, 28(1), 156-176. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/231906243?accountid=458 Chan, J. (2011). Racial Profiling and Police Subculture. Canadian Journal Of Criminology Criminal Justice, 53(1), 75-78. MacNamara, R. H., Burns, R. (2009). Multiculturalism in the criminal justice system. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. The Criminology and Criminal Justice Collective of Northern Arizona University. (2009). Investigating difference: Human and cultural relations in criminal justice (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Gay Marriage Essay Example for Free

Gay Marriage Essay Persons acquire special duties on account of their moral and legal relationship to another. One such relationship is established in marriage. Marriage is a moral and legal contact between a man and woman. It is a moral contract because it is entered into by both parties, giving free and voluntary consent. It is a legal contract because it is solemnized in accordance with the law. Marriage is an important institutional element of the family. It is the cultural mechanism that ensures its continuity. Marriage is an institution consisting of a cluster or mores and folkways, of attitudes, ideas, and ideals, of social definitions and legal restrictions (see Brennan, Robert Edward: Thomistic Psychology, New York Macmillan Co. , 1999). People marry for a combination of reasons: love, economic and emotional security, the parents’ wishes, escape from loneliness or an unhappy home situation, money, companionship, protection, adventure, or common interests (see Buckley, Joseph: Man’s last End, London, Herder Book Co. , 1999). Sex or sexual attraction is the least consideration, but marriage makes sexual intercourse legitimate. It sanctions parenthood and provides a stable background for rearing of children. Marriage is the foundation of the family, an inviolable social institution. Its purpose may not necessarily be for procreation or to have children but for companionship, as in the case of couples past the age of procreation. This paper intends to discuss the pros and cons of gay marriage or same-sex marriage. II. Discussion A. Pros †¢ Society should allow same Gay Marriage: In the article, fighting the same sex marriage should be allowed. Ralph Wedgwood firmly believes that same- sex couple has every right to marry. For him, marriage is not just a mere ceremony but through it the people in the community may know that both of the parties are very serious of their relationship and that it is not just a game. For them, it is a commitment and a thing to be really cherished even if the society throws issues on them. Having a same sex relationship that eventually, if permitted could lead to marriage is about a domestic and long lasting relationship. The article by Wedgwood, who is an assistant professor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of technology at Cambridge. The purpose of marriage is mutual support and companionship. Marriage is a state where spouses compliment each other. Love and concern for each other is the foundation of a happy marriage. Without such love and appreciation for each other, no man and woman or a couple with the same sex can be together permanently. Thus, such love which draws spouses in marriage must be more than physical attachment, sexual attraction, or infatuation. It is the deep commitment of matured persons for each other. Married spouses have every rights and duties to perform like in the financial aspect, in division of possession, insurance and other things that should be shared by the couple. Many same sex couples now are being given privilege if they are not yet married or are committed legally with each other Marriage is not just about rights and benefits they will get from the society and with their partners. It is a deeper union of the souls loving each other. Some people tags marriage of low- respect, they see marriage as a means of satisfying ones’ self of sexual desires, well in fact it is more than that. Procreation and sex are not the only reason why people want to get married. Some couples after getting married and found out that it won’t click, and then decides to get a divorce. A person does not have any right to choose and disapprove a decided marriage, the decision is up to the ones involve in the relationship. The laws determine the ones who are those that are married and those who are not being recognized. Society’s expectations on marriage depend on the rights and obligations of both parties, thus these duties and obligations should be done by both parties. The spouse should support his/ her partner, and if divorce will result they should equally divide all their properties. Marriage is a serious thing to decide. The parties should be that committed and they should really love and care for each other. Marriage is not just a joke; it is a long term domestic partnership with the one you adore. Same sex couples want to get married for the reasons that a normal boy- girl relationship also has. They are not just after of the benefits and privilege that they could get in the society and with their spouses but they also want to be recognized by the society. Their relationship is not just purely based on lust or sexual desires but also for them to have a serious commitment, like sharing of responsibilities. Many homosexuals, lesbians and gays aspires that what the society expects of marriage is also the kind of marriage that they are dreaming to achieve or to have. Many questions are being raised on having a domestic partnership. People may ask, if having a domestic partnership is renewable? Do they really have to support each other in all aspects? Or they just stick with each other because of sex and fun? For the society, it is less recognized than having the ceremony of marriage. They wanted to be recognized by the society that even if they are of the same sex, they still know what real love is and they are ready for a lifetime commitment. For them it is the greatest benefit of marriage, to be recognized by the society and that is why the State disapproves of this. Many critics say that if same- sex marriage is approved it would then deviate to the real purpose of marriage, such as its real meaning like procreation or the process of bearing children. But as we see now, some of the married couples are not able to perform this duty. The disapproval of same sex marriage still needs to be reviewed. The State is concerned on the moral values of the church, and Christianity. Some believes that heterosexual partnerships are above homosexual relationships. Many criticized same sex marriage and many are against it because it if is approved it will just be equal with the heterosexuals and it will just lower the view of the society about relationships. They should be allowed because they are not hideous criminals to do such an act; it is just being with someone you love. The murderers and even convicted criminals are allowed to marry but still the State still does not allow this kind of relationship. Same sex marriage would not force anybody to allow this gay or lesbian relationship if it is just totally against them and their beliefs. But all they wanted to happen is for the society to understand their feelings and relationships with the same sex and they are really serious with it. B. Cons †¢ Society should not allow same- Sex marriage: According to Burman Skrable, when same- sex marriage will be legalized it would be a great detriment to the society. It totally deviates from the real purpose of marriage which is to â€Å"procreate†. These children will be the future of the society and the environment. Approving it would somehow destroy the essence of marriage and the family which is the basic unit of the society by legalizing a relationship that is non procreative. Some Christians fight to disapprove it. For it totally disobeys God’s doctrines and Commandments. But all of them are aware that these days, there are great query about the laws that God has put up because of the rising taboo that has been happening in the society now. Great changes are being called out by the believers but the challenge of this is fast arising. We should stand firm and follow or obey the instructions that God has written in His Word. We should not involve ourselves in such promiscuous acts that we ourselves know is unacceptable towards God. The couple should give a stable future to their children and family that may be in the aspects of financial, emotional and spiritual. They should bring their children to school and educate them and let them become a friend to all. But how would these become successful if a child is being brought up in such an abnormal way, where in his/ her mother and father are of same sexes. The traditional family is composed of the husband, wife and natural children. These units of the society are all normal variables. This is the one that gives a bright future for the society they are in and also by forming a natural family. The family is the most basic unit of the society where the children are being taught values and morals that greatly affect on how they interact with other individuals in the society. Yes, raising a family is sometimes hard especially in raising finances for their education, but the hardship is worth fighting for because of the love you feel for them. The society expects that these children would make their family and their parents as a model as they will grow and build a family of their own. The society needs a family that is stable and the one that they can really recognize. What they expect is a male and female marriage and not of the same sex. The greatly arising sexual revolution brought a big impact on how individuals and the society see and do things, that sometimes they think is not bad were in fact it has already crossed God‘s boundaries. Time has erased the moral values that we should follow, like now marriage is already not seen as a form of procreation, for raising children; that there should be faithfulness and that sex should only be done with in the bounds of it. For Karen Murray it has become a public declaration of love and pledge of fidelity with the partner. The rise of the same revolutionary forces encourages this interest for having a homosexual marriage. The belief that sex is not just about procreating drives the toleration of the society of this same- sex marriage. But the homosexuals does not get affected by this instead they are proud that they have found a relationship where in they will cherish and have commitment forever. Gay marriage or same sex-marriage is totally erasing the real definition of marriage. It removes the reality that it is only the man and the women are to be bind, that both partners should procreate to raise their children who are the hope of the society’ improvement. Approving or making same- sex marriage legal would dissolve the uniqueness of the sacrament that God has given to us. If same sex marriage would be approve, it could jeopardize the health of the society. Diseases like HIV, AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases are much great when one is involved in this same- sex marriage. III. Conclusion The foundation of the family is marriage, which provides the cultural mechanism to insure its continuity. This marriage is the one God wanted for us. The family performs varied functions, among them the sex and parental function, socialization and social control, biological maintenance, status placement, and economic, religious, educational, recreational, and political functions. Therefore, Marriage is such a holy and sanctified Eucharist and is bound to be respected by people.

Negative Impacts of Donald Trumps Wall

Negative Impacts of Donald Trumps Wall The Negative Repercussions of a â€Å"Yuge† Wall in America: U.S-Mexico Border Increasing border security has been an ongoing discussion in the United States for many decades, particularly in recent months since the 2016 election year. The elected president, Donald Trump, used this matter to garner supporters during his campaigning, and since elected, has still been a proponent with constructing a border wall between Mexico and the U.S. There is a notion from this perspective that with a higher and stronger border, undocumented immigration will halt and supposedly will allow America to be â€Å"great again†. The president elect initially sought for the funding of the wall to come from Mexico, nevertheless, that funding has now shifted to the U.S. Congress paying for it and claiming that Mexico in some form or another will reimburse the costs of the construction. Increasing border security through this â€Å"wall† however, will bring even greater conflicting issues such as environmental damage, increase the dangers of the lives of immigrants when a ttempting to cross, and unreasonable costs to create and sustain this wall.   The effects will negatively impact this nation’s reputation, building this wall is the wrong thing to do even though the â€Å"American thing to do† has been to increase border security. A group of people say a prayer, in Holtville, Ca. in a cemetery filled with unmarked graves of migrants who died in the desert trying to cross into the United States from Mexico.   (Photo Credit: ALEX PANETTA / THE CANADIAN PRESS) https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/08/28/donald-trumps-immigration-talk-faces-difficult-realities-at-mexican-border.html. Securing the Unites States border between Mexico has been a developing matter through history since the Treaty of Guadalupe was signed in 1848 that allowed the acquisition of new territory and the Rio Bravo becoming the political border line between these two countries. Movement through this border has always been present, shifting in its increase due to economic hardships whether in Mexico or United States such as the bracero program where the U.S. requested help from Mexican farmers to work their lands due to shortage of labor because of their involvement in World War II [1]. However, Mexican immigration did not end once the war was done. President Eisenhower administration executed the Operation Wetback, â€Å"a governmental campaign that forcibly repatriated 1 to 2 million Mexicans [whether undocumented or not]†[2]. Despite the force, immigration from Mexico and Central America has yet continued. Before the 1990’s, immigration crossings in the U.S – Mexico border had waves coming in through urban crossing points such as El Paso – Ciudad Juarez, San Diego – Tijuana, McAllen – Reynosa, etc. Nonetheless, the United States government implemented fence-buildings, closing off these urban crossings points, influencing a change of routes into dangerous points such as Arizona’s desert[3]. With putting up barriers at these points, â€Å"deaths in the border region have increased nearly 150% as migrants enter through more remote and rugged terrain† in the last decade and half [4]. Dead bodies of unknown immigrants have been found throughout these harsh geographic areas. As depicted in the picture, these graves show the sacrifice these immigrants will put their lives in[5]. The construction of this proposed wall, will unquestionably further the risks that immigrants will challenge when trying to cross to the United States, still placing themselves through deserts, underground tunnels, and even sea. These environmental situations have been counterproductive to the â€Å"securing†, alternatively, creating inhumane barriers for immigrants whose goal is to have a better life on the other side of the border. The proposed wall not only will create needless dangers to humans crossing attempts, but an environmental effect for the flora and fauna found and living in this region.   Wildlife had not been thought through when these fences were implemented having to only take account humans as the focus for these constructions, being â€Å"motivated by security concerns that are considered paramount over most other considerations†[6]. Since the border fences and security of the 1990’s, immigration crossings did not decrease but rather shifted from urban areas to the remote areas where the ecology is most concentrated[7]. Research has shown that the fence border that is suited between Mexico and the United States has indeed â€Å"disrupted movements and distribution of [for instance], animals such as the ferruginous pygmy owl and bighorn sheep and could isolate small populations of large mammals in Arizona, including black bears and pumas†[8]. By building the wall, it will disrupt evermore the ecology, inhibiting wildlife to move naturally within its natural habitat[9]. Environmental activists and communities have been vocal over the repercussions that the wall will bring to the environment and the dangers that the threatened and endangered species will have to face from this development. Species such as the ocelot and jaguarondi (wild cats) that â€Å"are tropical species at the northern limit of their natural habitat range, the barrier would †¦certainly expedite the disappearance of these species from the U.S.†[10]. However, the Trump administration has ignored these environmental consequences in recent news. Even so this avoidance has been seen during the early 2000’s, where â€Å"federal legislation adopted [to sideline] all environmental laws such as the Endangered Species Act† for the sake of not disrupting the â€Å"construction of the barriers†[11]. Protecting the environment and preserving species in their natural habitats allows for the ecosystem to flow accordingly, if disrupted, humans will be effected since they’re dependent as well to these natural habitats. It would be selfish and vicious for humans who coexist with these variety of species to construct an artificial border that will knowingly harm them.   Photo of alleged smuggler transporting a Central American family to along the border near Mission, Texas in July 2014, Photo Credit by: John Moore/Getty Images http://latinousa.org/2014/09/12/smugglers/. The wall project that will stretch 2,000 miles will evidently create more damage but as well be costly and ineffective[12]. $21.6 billion has been a recent cost projection for the construction, with perhaps putting the United States into more debt[13]. This billion-dollar wall will not stop undocumented immigration since those who enter the United States come in with visa and outstay their visit, [outnumbering] those who cross the border without permission[14]. This gives an example of the forthcoming ineffectiveness of this wall that these billions of dollars will go into when comparing it to today’s border fence that hasn’t necessarily stopped undocumented immigrants from coming from the south of the border. Another matter as well, as Josiah McC Heyman explains in their journal, â€Å"human smugglers have apparently kept ahead of the government, despite the post-1993 tactical shifts, added technology, and the buildup of forces†[15]. Such as the picture above, t hese human smugglers or coyotes as they have been named as, have found ways in the last two decades with smuggling unauthorized immigrants into the United States, despite the increase of money and labor that has been put for the â€Å"securing† of the U.S. – Mexico border since its construction in 1993[16]. Immigrant individuals or families will give thousands of dollars to these coyotes to sneak them across the border, putting their lives into these individuals’ hands for a better life than the one they had in their home country.   In addition, patrolling the extent of this 2,000-mile border wall will need additional border patrol agents. The Trump Administration is considering hiring another 5,000 agents, significantly increasing their budget to hire, train and maintain these agents, with an estimate of $328 million for 2017 and 1.884 billion dollars for the year of 2018[17]. Hiring these much personnel will not come easy, these patrol agent applicants must go through extensive training and tough exams where hiring them can take about seven months[18]. With shortening and easing the processes, however, could do more harm than good since they will not have the adequate training to patrol rough and dangerous terrain. Thus, building this wall as Trump has been consistently vocal about doing will only bring predicaments to the United States economic condition, since this proposed funding will not bring much triumph with stopping undocumented immigrants from coming into the country. With this wall, it would only reflect irrational money waste to the eyes of the national and international public, disregarding other departments such as education and health that would most benefit and outweigh the 20-billion-dollar funding for the greater future of the country. Most undocumented immigrants who are coming from Mexico, Central America and other South American countries are trying to flee either poverty or violence or even both. It is human nature for people to want to push forward with their lives to seek a better future for themselves and/or families even if it means putting their lives at risk for days in the harsh terrain that this border is located at. Building this massive wall will not stop immigrants from trying to go over, under, or around it, but rather do more harm to the environment, economy and people. The â€Å"American Thing Do† has been to spend billions of dollars to not necessarily â€Å"secure† our border, but rather to stop people from seeking the American Dream. This nation has been built by immigrants and no shape and form will people stop immigrating to this melting pot of a nation. It is in the nation’s interests to change its perspective on immigration, a comprehensive immigration reform and assist ance to these underdeveloped countries would do more justice for its self and other countries. Bibliography â€Å"Coyotes: Ten Things to About Smugglers.† September 12, 2014. http://latinousa.org/2014/09/12/smugglers/. Cohen, Deborah. Braceros: migrant citizens and transnational subjects in the postwar United States and Mexico. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina., 2011. Dear, Michael J. Why Walls Won’t Work: Repairing the US-Mexico Divide. New York: Oxford University Press., 2013. Donald Trump’s immigration talk faces difficult realities at Mexican border.† August 28, 2016. https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/08/28/donald-trumps-immigration-talk-faces-difficult-realities-at-mexican-border.html. Eriksson, Lindsay, and Melinda Taylor. â€Å"Impacts of the Border Wall Between Texas and Mexico.† TW Wall, Obstructing Human Rights: The Texas-Mexico Border Wall, (2008): 1-10. https://law.utexas.edu/humanrights/borderwall/analysis/briefing-The-Environmental-Impacts-of-the-Border-Wall.pdf. Gaskill, Melissa. â€Å"The Environment Impact of the U.S.-Mexico Border Wall: In the Rio Grande Valley, the barrier erected to keep out illegal immigrants is imperiling rare and endangered animal species.† Newsweek 166, no. 8 (February 26, 2016): 54-56. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, EBSCOhost. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=e9e51cd2e42c448e88d8cc5ac3624520%40sessionmgr4006&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=edsgcl.443631894&db=edsgov. Gulasekaram, Pratheepan. â€Å"Why a Wall?.† UC Irvine L. Rev 2, no. 1(February 2012): 147-192. http://scholarship.law.uci.edu/ucilr/vol2/iss1/6/. Heyman, Josiah McC. â€Å"Constructing a Virtual Wall: Race and Citizenship in U.S.-Mexico Border Policing.† Journal of the Southwest 50, no. 3 (2008): 305-334. JSTOR Journals, EBSCOhost. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.txstate.edu/stable/pdf/40170393.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:03dcbf2cfb793281ef5abf676db8e150. Hong, Kari. â€Å"The Costs of Trumped-Up Immigration Enforcement Measures.† Cardoza Law Review De Novo 2017, no. 119 (January 2017): 121-154. LexisNexis Academic: Law Reviews, EBSCOhost.   http://www.lexisnexis.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=270077&sr=cite%282017%20Cardozo%20L.%20Rev.%20De%20Novo%20119%29. Hudak, John J., E. Kamarck, and C. Steinglein. â€Å"Hitting the wall: On immigration, campaign promises clash with policy realities.† Brookings (2017): 1-18. https://www.brookings.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2017/06/gs_06222017_dhs_immigration.pdf. Trouwborst, A., F. Fleurke, and J. Dubrulle. â€Å"Border Fences and their Impacts on Large Carnivores, Large Herbivores and Biodiversity: An International Wildlife Law Perspective.† Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law 25, no. 3 (November 1, 2016): 291-306. Scopus ®, EBSCOhost. http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=a2835830314f4f338fb9f1660a8db1ff%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=edselc.2-52.0-84994893895&db=edselc.   Warren, Robert, and Donald Kerwin. â€Å"The 2,000 Mile Wall in Search of a Purpose: Since 2007 Visa Overstays Have Outnumbered Undocumented Border Crossers by a half a Million.† Journal on Migration & Human Security 5, no. 1 (January 2017): 124-136. International Security and Counter Terrorism Reference Center, EBSCOhost. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=4sid=85afe9ae40a84fbbb240e5d3e1b4af09%40sessionmgr4006bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=tshAN=125223798. [1] Deborah Cohen, Braceros: migrant citizens and transnational subjects in the postwar United States and Mexico (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press., 2011): 1 [2] Ibid., 42. [3] Michael J Dear, Why Walls Won’t Work: Repairing the US-Mexico Divide (New York: Oxford University Press., 2013), 73. [4] Pratheepan Gulasekaram, â€Å"Why a Wall?,† UC Irvine L. Rev 2, no. 1(February 2012): 155, http://scholarship.law.uci.edu/ucilr/vol2/iss1/6/. [5] â€Å"Donald Trump’s immigration talk faces difficult realities at Mexican border,† August. 28, 2016, https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/08/28/donald-trumps-immigration-talk-faces-difficult-realities-at-mexican-border.html. [6] Arie Truwborst, Floor Fleurke and Jennifer Dubrulle, â€Å"Border Fences and their Impacts on Large Carnivores, Large Herbivores and Biodiversity: An International Wildlife Law Perspective,† Review of European, Comparative And International Environmental Law 25, no. 3 (November 1, 2016): 292, Scopus ®, EBSCOhost, http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=a2835830-314f-4f33-8fb9-f1660a8db1ff%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=edselc.2-52.0-84994893895&db=edselc.   [7] Lindsay Eriksson and Melinda Taylor, â€Å"The Environmental Impacts of the Border Wall Between Texas and Mexico,† TW Wall, Obstructing Human Rights: The Texas-Mexico Border Wall, (2008): 8, https://law.utexas.edu/humanrights/borderwall/analysis/briefing-The-Environmental-Impacts-of-the-Border-Wall.pdf. [8] Melissa Gaskill, â€Å"The Environment Impact of the U.S.-Mexico Border Wall: In the Rio Grande Valley, the barrier erected to keep out illegal immigrants is imperiling rare and endangered animal species,† Newsweek 166, no. 8 (February 26 2016): 55, Opposing Viewpoints in Context, EBSCOhost, http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=e9e51cd2-e42c-448e-88d8-cc5ac3624520%40sessionmgr4006&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=edsgcl.443631894&db=edsgov. [9] Ibid., 55. [10] Eriksson and Taylor, â€Å"The Environmental Impacts,† 6. [11] Truwborst, Fleurke and Dubrulle, â€Å"Border Fences and their Impacts,† 292. [12] Robert Warren and Donald Kerwin, â€Å"The 2,000 Mile Wall in Search of a Purpose: Since 2007 Visa Overstays Have Outnumbered Undocumented Border Crossers by a half a Million,† Journal on Migration & Human Security 5, no. 1 (January 2017): 124-126, International Security and Counter Terrorism Reference Center, EBSCOhost, http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=85afe9ae-40a8-4fbb-b240-e5d3e1b4af09%40sessionmgr4006&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=tsh&AN=125223798. [13] Ibid., 124. [14] Kari Hong, â€Å"The Costs of Trumped-Up Immigration Enforcement Measures,† Cardoza Law Review De Novo 2017, no. 119 (January 2017): 140, LexisNexis Academic: Law Reviews, EBSCOhost, http://www.lexisnexis.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=270077&sr=cite%282017%20Cardozo%20L.%20Rev.%20De%20Novo%20119%29. [15] Josiah McC. Heyman, â€Å"Constructing a Virtual Wall: Race and Citizenship in U.S.-Mexico Border Policing,† Journal of the Southwest 50, no. 3 (2008): 316, JSTOR Journals, EBSCOhost, http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.txstate.edu/stable/pdf/40170393.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:03dcbf2cfb793281ef5abf676db8e150. [16] â€Å"Coyotes: Ten Things to About Smugglers,† September 12, 2014, http://latinousa.org/2014/09/12/smugglers/. [17] John J. Hudak, Elaine C. Kamarck, and Christian, Stenglein, â€Å"Hitting the wall: On immigration, campaign promises clash with policy realities,† Brookings (2017): 8-9, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/gs_06222017_dhs_immigration.pdf. [18] Ibid., 8.

Get Nevada Glowing :: essays research papers fc

â€Å"Two minutes† says Teal Krech as he replies to a question posed to him bye an interested intern from within his cubicle at the â€Å"Village Voice† headquarters. The question he was answering was â€Å"How long can a human being survive unshielded radiation exposure from a broken fuel rod?† Teal achieved this research from the DoE (Department of Energy) who to this point â€Å"has no set plan for the transportation of the spent nuclear fuel rods through our major cities and states on their way to ultimate storage in the bowels of Yucca Mountain†(Krech 2002). Yucca Mountain, located approximately 100 miles Northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, is the site that President George Bush has endorsed for serious consideration as the location in which to store the nations nuclear waste. This nuclear waste, currently stored at 131 reactor sites around the nation, originates from nuclear fuel rods used for nuclear power generation, and national defense and weapons pr ograms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since 1978 the Department of Energy has been studying Yucca Mountain. They have been trying to determine whether it would be suitable for the long-term geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high level radioactive wastes. In that time period and billions of American dollars spent of scientific research on everything from the potential seepage into groundwater to microbial growth within the Alcoves already trenched into the mountain’s core. Yucca Mountain has been determined the safest place in North America for such a site. The Department of transportation has sank nearly three decades of research and money into the site and have just this year began developing a concise transportation plan for the movement of this nuclear waste throughout our country to the Yucca Mountain site, says Energy Department spokesman Joe Davis. â€Å"With the licensing procedures expected to take 3 years† (Abraham 2002) and that license only granted through the construction period of the site, at which point and time the Department of Energy will have to reapply for licensing before they can begin to receive wastes, the project is at least 8 years away from completion. I personally think that eight years allows plenty of time for further development of transportation methods and protocols that will guarantee the safe movement and containment of this waste through our major cities. The Department of Energy will probably come up with special containers that will be specifically designed to withstand even the most violent of turnovers and impacts, just like they have done for the transportation of gaseous cyanide and chlorine which are transported bye truck and rail every day.

grahams gas law :: essays research papers

GAS LAWS KINETIC ENERGY/ GRAHAM’S LAW LAB Purpose: To observe how masses of atoms and molecules affect their rate of diffusion, and explain our observations in terms of mass, velocity, kinetic energy and temperature. Warm-up Question: 1. What is the definition of temperature? Temperature is a measure of the average Kinetic Energy of the particles composing a material. 2. What is the definition of diffusion? Diffusion is a spontaneous spreading of particles until they are uniformly distributed in their container. 3. If we increase the temperature of sample of gas, then what about the gas molecules will have to change? The gas molecules would begin to increase in speed since the temperature would increase. 4. The element iodine (I2) diffuses more slowly than ethanol (CH3CH2CH2OH). Why is this? Iodine is heavier in atomic mass then ethanol, slowing down its process to diffuse. Iodine weighs 253.6u while ethanol weighs 60.03u, giving ethanol a faster diffusions rate. Procedure A: 1. Obtain a glass tube and wash it with water. Dry the outside of the tube with a paper towel. Next, squirt some acetone into the tube. A small amount is all that is needed. Then dry the inside of the tube by passing air through the tube (use a fan, the window, blow through it, etc.) 2. Use chalk to label one end of your lab station, "HC1," and the other end, "NH3." 3. Lay the glass tube on the table and place the thermometer on the table next to the tube. 4. !!!CATION!!! THE NH3 AND THE HCI ARE IN VERY CONCENTRATED FORMS. DO NOT ALLOW EITHER CHEMICAL TO COME INTO CONTACT WITH YOUR SKIN. IF THE NH3 OR HCl SPILLS, GET A DAMP PAPER TOWEL AND CLEAN IT UP IMMEDIATELY!!! 5. Obtain 1 small bottle of HCI and 1 small bottle of NH3. Place each bottle in their respective ends of the lab table. Obtain forceps, label them, "HC1" or â€Å"NH3"with tape, and place them at their respective end of the lab table. 6. Record the temperature of the air around the tube in the data table. 7. Separate the cotton ball into pieces small enough to stuff into the ends of the glass tube. Do not put them into the tube yet. 8. While holding the cotton ball with the forceps, place 4 drops of HCl or NH3 (whichever corresponds to the label on the forceps). 9. Repeat step 8 with the other chemical. You should now have two small cotton balls, one with 7 drops of HCI, one with 7 drops of NH3. Keep them at their respective ends of the lab station.

Family Practice: Summary :: essays research papers

Family Practice: Summary The American family today, has the same problems that the American family of yesterday had. Daniel A. Sugarman, a psychologist in "Family Practice" introduces us to several case studies that seem to be the main nucleus of family problems today. He has put together a system called "Seven Ways to Keep the Peace at Home," in which he describes seven different problems within our American households today that can cause daily emotional and physical pain within the family structure. The Seven case studies are based on children's values that are driven by their parents emotions. "Giving up the myth of the perfect Family," is the starting point. This is where the parents low self esteem is driven into their child. The next step, "Tell it like you feel It," describes how families should share their feelings and not hold them in. After that comes, "Don't play telephone", this is where a third person is used to communicate between two parties. Another step is, "Make your blueprints Flexible," you should not pre-plan your child's life for them. Then he goes into the next step, which is about Contracts called, "Learn to use contracts." With this step the family makes contracts with one another and then monitors and up dates them so often. This helps with everybody holding to their end of the deal when it comes to the family issues. One of the worst steps of all is, "Stop the "Good Guy-"Bad Guy, " routine. I feel that having someone to blame for every problem that arises can devastate a child. Parents need to think about what they are going to say before they say it. The last step is, "Get rid of old emotional Baggage," I have personal experience in this category. I had a hard time in letting go of the old when trying to start new. These seven steps that Dr. Sugarman has came up with are great ideas in dealing with Family problems. Family Practice: Summary :: essays research papers Family Practice: Summary The American family today, has the same problems that the American family of yesterday had. Daniel A. Sugarman, a psychologist in "Family Practice" introduces us to several case studies that seem to be the main nucleus of family problems today. He has put together a system called "Seven Ways to Keep the Peace at Home," in which he describes seven different problems within our American households today that can cause daily emotional and physical pain within the family structure. The Seven case studies are based on children's values that are driven by their parents emotions. "Giving up the myth of the perfect Family," is the starting point. This is where the parents low self esteem is driven into their child. The next step, "Tell it like you feel It," describes how families should share their feelings and not hold them in. After that comes, "Don't play telephone", this is where a third person is used to communicate between two parties. Another step is, "Make your blueprints Flexible," you should not pre-plan your child's life for them. Then he goes into the next step, which is about Contracts called, "Learn to use contracts." With this step the family makes contracts with one another and then monitors and up dates them so often. This helps with everybody holding to their end of the deal when it comes to the family issues. One of the worst steps of all is, "Stop the "Good Guy-"Bad Guy, " routine. I feel that having someone to blame for every problem that arises can devastate a child. Parents need to think about what they are going to say before they say it. The last step is, "Get rid of old emotional Baggage," I have personal experience in this category. I had a hard time in letting go of the old when trying to start new. These seven steps that Dr. Sugarman has came up with are great ideas in dealing with Family problems.

Psychology of Colour

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12): 215-219, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178 Psychology of Colors and Architectural Facade and Interior Color Selection 1 1 Saeid Rahmatabadi, 2Dr. Siavash Teimouri and 3Dr. Feridoun Nahidi Azar 2 Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, Iran. Department of Architecture Science And Research Branch Islamic Azad University Arak Branch, Arak, Iran. 3 Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran.Abstract: The first section of this paper discusses many effects that specific colors have on human minds and how they can be applied to interior architecture and design. The focus of this research Pertains specifically to restaurants. Most of this research comes from studies of warm and cool colors. Though they have opposite effects on human minds, combining them can create comfortable atmospheres and settings. The second section of this study is to research the human’ s color selection of the architectural facade.As a result, Ratio of the color selecting has the tendency when surrounding color’s tone and selecting one are same. Degree of consideration in surrounding and Degree of harmony after color selecting have the tendency which is relation in the Saturation. Difficulty in the color selecting is in the brightness. There seems to be a different tendency between light tone and any others in Degree of consideration in surrounding and Satisfaction after color selection. Key words: Color Selecting , Architectural Facade, human mind, warm and cool colors. INTRODUCTIONWhen designing a restaurant, there are many things to consider besides the food that is served there. Customers should be able to enjoy the atmosphere almost as much as they enjoy the food in order for the restaurant to be successful. The flow of the floor plan is important because when a place is too crowded or hard to maneuver, customers may not be as comfortable as they could be. In addition to the floor plan, the colors used on the interior affect the successfulness of a restaurant because they can directly influence a person’s desire to eat. Fig. 1: Warm and Cool Color.In general there are two ways to classify colors, warm and cool. Figure 1 gives a visual description of these two groups and physically separates the two. However, aside from the visual differences, there are psychological traits associated with each group as well. Warm colors are defined as being bold and energetic, and they have the tendency to advance in space. This characteristic has both positive and negative effects because while using them can make something stand out, too much of them can be overwhelming in a sense that it drowns out the other colors. Cool colors are soothing and have a tendency to recede.They are good to use with things that are meant to be located in the background and they can make the space that they are used in seem bigger than it really is. (Nichols on, 2002). Corresponding Author: Saeid Rahmatabadi, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, Iran. E-mail: [email  protected] com 215 Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci. , 5(12): 215-219, 2011 Fig. 2: Warm Color. Out of the seven hues that make up our visible range of color, red, orange, yellow, and some shades of green are considered to be the warm colors, as shown in Figure 2.The warm colors cause an increase in heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure because it has a stimulating effect on the nervous system. (Meola, 2005) Due to the size of its wavelength, Red is the most warm color and has the strongest effects on the human mind. It increases enthusiasm, encourages action, and is often associated with desire. The color orange shares some of the same characteristics as red but without the intensity. It stimulates activity, appetite, and encourages socialization. Yellow encourages communication, activates memory, instills optimism and influence s creative thoughts. Nicholson, 2002; Smith, 2008). While warm color can gain the attention of a human mind much quicker than a cool color, the characteristics of cool colors are just as important to consider. Fig. 3: Cool Color. The green, blue, indigo, and violet hues from our visible range of color are considered to be the cool colors, as shown in Figure 3. They have the opposite effect of warm colors and lower the heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure because they affect the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system. (Meola, 2005).The parasympathetic branch opposes physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system by stimulating digestive secretions, slowing the heart, constricting the pupils, and dilates blood vessels. (â€Å"Parasympathetic†). Because green is often associated with nature, it has a soothing, peaceful, and calming effect on the human mind. 216 Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci. , 5(12): 215-219, 2011 It helps to get rid of nervousness and anxiety and brings on a sense of renewal and self-control. Blue and indigo also calm and sedate the mind, but they have a tendency to lower body temperature and reduce appetite.Violet is a balance between the warm nature of red and the cool nature of blue. It causes the mind to feel calm, yet uplifted and inspired through creativity at the same time. (Nicholson, 2002; Smith, 2008). There are a few more â€Å"colors† that don’t exactly fit in the categories of warm or cool. Brown gives people a sense of stability and orderliness. Gray can cause people to feel unsettled. The human mind associates white with cleanliness and mental clarity, while black brings a feeling of emptiness but represents potential and possibility. Nicholson, 2002; Smith, 2008) In combination with the warm and cool colors, these extras can be used to create a well balanced atmosphere that benefits multiple types of people at one time. The mental effects caused by color choices are important to consider wh en designing the interior of a restaurant. Since orange stimulates appetite, it would be a smart idea to some shade of it in the dining area of the restaurant. Brown could act as a good accent color because it would help to create an order and flow within the restaurant. In the kitchen area, yellow would be a smart hoice because there needs to be good communication, coming up with new recipes requires creativity, in any business there are times when optimism is needed, and there is so much going on that a good memory is beneficial. White accents would help because they make the kitchen space seem bigger and maintain and air of stability and cleanliness. In all the areas where high energy and activity is expected, warm colors are ideal to use. Red probably would invoke too much excitement, and things could easily get uncomfortable and out of control.On the other hand, in waiting and bathroom areas people should feel calm and relaxed. This is where the cool colors can be used to count er the effects of the warm colors used in the other areas. The use of different types of colors when going from room to room help in maintaining a flow because people have to transition from one frame of mind to another. If customers are comfortable and excited with anticipation to enjoy the food, then the restaurant will be successful. By choosing the right colors to paint the interior of a restaurant, it is possible to make them feel that way.Architectural Facade color selection: Background: In some areas , there is a guidance of architectural facade color to change the base-color that developers should followed. But the problem is that in the guidance still remained the lack of harmonious color called â€Å"color pollution†. In this section, the fact regarding what emotions a human has against the facade is strongly debatable. The purpose of this study is to research the human’s color selection of the architectural facade. Degree of Consideration in Surrounding (fig 4): †¢ Light tone has a tendency of consideration in favorite ?On the other hand, dark, pale, medium grayish and dark grayish tones have a tendency of consideration in surrounding. Fig. 4: Degree of consideration of Surrounding. Degree of Harmony After Color Selecting (fig 5): ? Light tones have more of a tendency of disharmony than dark, pale, medium grayish and dark grayish tones. 217 Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci. , 5(12): 215-219, 2011 Fig. 5: Degree of harmony after color selecting. Degree of According In Imagination Between Before Color Selecting and The After (fig 6): ?Light and moderate tones have a tendency of discord in imagination in the surrounding color’s tones. Fig. 6: Degree of according in imagination before color selecting and the after. Degree of Difficulty In Color Selecting (fig 7): †¢Dark and dark grayish tones have a tendency of easier color selecting than the rest of surrounding’s Tones. Fig. 7: Degree of difficulty in color selecting. De gree of Satisfaction After Color Selecting (fig 8): †¢ Light tones have more of a tendency of dissatisfaction after color selecting than deep, dark and dark grayish tones. Fig. 8: Degree of satisfaction after color selecting.RESULT AND DISCUSSION our visible range of color, red, orange, yellow, and some shades of green are considered to be the warm colors. The warm colors cause an increase in heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure because it has a 218 Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci. , 5(12): 215-219, 2011 stimulating effect on the nervous system. The green, blue, indigo, and violet hues from our visible range of color are considered to be the cool colors. They have the opposite effect of warm colors and lower the heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure because they affect the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system.As a result of the experiment, when color selecting of architectural facade takes into consideration surroundings, it is expected that chrome relates the e valuation of â€Å"Degree of consideration in surrounding† and â€Å"Degree of harmony after color selecting†, These seem to relate to the previous study to term of saturation being an important factor in the harmony or necessity of legal control and selecting low saturation color for the townscape where it has the composure or feels good sense. It is expected that brightness in each same saturation level relates to the evaluation of â€Å"Difficulty in the color selection†.We need to verify that result in the different experimental condition. It was shown that different tendency between light tone and any others in â€Å"Degree of consideration in surrounding† orâ€Å"Satisfaction after color selection†. REFERENCES Briana Allen, The Effects of Color on the Human Mind, Interior Architecture January 17, 2007. Don Kemp, D R Brasher Design Firm. Inagaki, 2000. A Study on Evaluation of Exterior Colors of Buildings with Effects of Colors of Foreground. Buildings, J. , Archi, Plann, 2000. Environ. Eng. Aij, No. 531: 9-15. Inagaki, 1993.An Experimental Study on Color Evaluation of Townscape Intending for Its Improvement. Archi, J. , Plann, 1993. Environ. Eng. Aij, No. 451: 29-39. Nicholson, Mary, 2002. â€Å"Lesson 8: Warm and Cool Colors. † Graphic Design. Bloomsburg University. 15 Jan. 2008. Meola, Kalyan, V. , 2005. â€Å"The Psychology of Color. † Hohonu. University of Hawaii. At Hilo Hawaii Community College. 17 Dec. 2007. Sakahara, 1999. An Color Choice on an Imagination of Townscape Part 1 ; A Research of a Color Choice with a Color Chart and a Relative Frequency on Top 20 Colors, Journal of the Color Science Association of Japan, 23(4): 225-231.Yosuke Yoshizawa, Haruo Hibino, Shinichi Koyama, 2008. Color Selection of Architectural Facade Taking into Consideration Surrounding Environment in Japan â€Å"Cool and Soothing Colors. † Chart. Lowes. . . . â€Å"Parasympathetic. † Def. 1,2. Dictionary. Co m. 16 Jan. 2008. . Smith, Kate, 2008. â€Å"Color: Meaning, Symbolism & Psychology. † Squidoo. Jan. 2008 . â€Å"Warm and Cozy Colors, 2008. † Chart. Lowes. . â€Å"Warn and Cool Colors, 2008. † Chart. 219

Marketing Plan for Pharmasim

A) Executive summary The management team at the oer-the-counter(a) arctic medication (OCM) free radical of Allstar Brands is flavour to utilize revenue gene rambled by Allround to dish fund radical opport unit of measurementies in appear trade place places. Therefore, it is critical that Allround take note its merchandise- star puzzle in terms of commercialiseplace shargon, pro cash in ones chipsability, and gross sales in order to fund these juvenile initiatives. limit Allround is a loss leader in defacement aw atomic number 18ness and soil well-nigh oftentimes bribed, there ar consume enemys to Allround.These competitors advise various crossings from general nippy medicine passs to one- workout medicines. It is likely that these companies al paltry continue to coach novel offerings in that bena to cause greater c everywhereage across diverse segments. To defend against these moves, the Allround grass essential(prenominal) put out it s margin, and introduce sore harvests to the commercialize. This altogetherow win an additional argona for growth and revenue, accept the comp both to utilisation the strong tick off recognition to benefactor launch the new carrefours, and ensure that the growth choreup is confrontation current consumer trends and brings.Our sales big businessman whole kit with the yieldion lines full-grown retailers/ bowed stringed instrument stores ( grade sales) or with wholesalers/retailers (in localize sales) to ensure prominent cross management spot. Our sales constrict in some(prenominal) case full treatment to maintain bloods with the recognise decision considerrs at apiece of these conduct. If these births be damaged, there is a direct touch on to sales and beca workout profitability. Our outlined merchandising externalize lead work to strengthen these relationships and allow for a dialog with the carry that go away be invalu adapted for our organizat ion.It is evident that Allstar Brands unavoidably a detailed selling plan in order to positively progress in the future. Outlined below atomic number 18 the chance upon areas in a selling plan as well as suggestions for achieving our marting objectives. B) Situation and Environment Analysis overdress Analysis Strengths Allround has the graduate(prenominal)est brand awareness of any early(a)wise competitor. Allround has the highest mart share found on sales revenue for over-the-counter medicine. Allstar is the food market leader in the chilly remedy market. Weaknesses Allround has a low node retention rate compared to round other(a) competitor brands. Allstars current proceeds offering only foc social occasions on the ratty category, which is a small attribute of the do available market. Allstar has a small sales multitude to lift its produce. Only 14% of total trade expenses allotd to sales labor. harvest placement in stores is non best. Allroun d contains inebriantic drink, which is a attitude effect that consumers dislike. Allstar has only angiotensin converting enzyme product on the market. Consumer preference is leading to condensation make up, and most competitors already give in capsule tune.Opportunities Allstar has the ability to bung into some other segment of the market by offering a brand extension, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the cough out or allergic reaction segments. -Allstar has the ability to add brand extensions that fit guest needs. -Allstar raft remove the alcoholic beverage from its product line. Threats -Consumers perceive alcoholic matter in nonprescription(a) medication negatively. -Other over-the-counter competitors are receiving high doctor pressations than Allround. -Allround has a lower customer retention rate compared to other competitor brands. Allstar is only counselling on the coolness category, which makes up a small portion of the available market. - result placem ent in stores non optimal compared to competition. -Introduction of new products by competitors earth-closet erode Allstars market share. Competitors CompanyAllstarB&BEthikDriscolCompetitor Summary Brand NameAllroundBesthelpExtraDryup grocery SegmentColdAllergy/ColdCough/Cold/ gauntAllergy/Nasal/ColdDiversified in other market segments Product4-hr multi symptom cold liquid4-hr cold capsule12-hr cold capsule4 hr multi-symptom cold capsuleAll cold medicine in capsule form expenditure$5. 9$4. 89$4. 49$5. 09Lower MSRP unit charge for competitors Market share40. 4%25. 2%19. 5%14. 9%59. 6% Share Cold Sales receipts$355M$222M$172M$131M$525M Total Sales$355M$286M$395M$255M$936M/$1491(63%) % of Business think to Cold Sales100%78%44%51% Cold Sales $s full stop 0$355M$222M$172M$130M$879M Total Allstars major(ip)(ip) competitors are B&B, Ethik, and Driscol. All competitors of Allstars are diversified into other categories of the over-the-counter market and not dependent upon however th e cold segment. This is one area where Allstar bum potentially improve its sales and alter its product lines.Although Allstar has the highest brand awareness, it in addition has the highest worth amongst competitors. The fact that Allround has a strong theme in the market place delinquent to the product lastingness allows Allround to maintain a higher expenditure than its competition. All other competitors supply its OTC in capsule form, which is the preferred method of consumption by consumers. Allstar mustiness be aware of the various readyings of the competitors, be selective in work outing new products to market, and pay attention to newly offered products and the markets the competitors are coffin nailing.The Allstar team needs to re pronounce the schema and approach each plosive speech sound ground upon competitor culture musical composition maintaining the semipermanent strategic objectives. Economics Allstar must manage the economic conditions when decid ing the beguile compute allocations to advertizing, sales force, promotion, and rejects. Inflation is a major influential operator that toilet chance on total set and the costs of effectuals sold, which debase food up stakes affect the companys goat line. In order to sustain straightlaced set, Allstars merchandise team must proctor inflation and deflation in the market place to congeal the optimal pricing dodge.Allstar must jell its pricing to m commit inflation evaluate in the market as this leave charter a negative impact to illuminate income, as costs leave continue to rise. complaisant/Cultural Allstar must focus on the needs of its customers and monitor any substitutes in the behaviors of its consumers. One factor to consider is the do of medication in Allround and the perceptions of physicians and consumers. Obtaining recommendations from the medical union is crucial to the success of the product, as some consumers shelter the advice from physician s.Some doctors whitethorn not recommend Allround be causa of the alcohol subject field or that the multi-symptom formulation contains too much medicine. Our team must decide the beat out formulations of OTC medications that tally the needs of the consumers while at the same(p) time satisfy the medical union in terms of medicinal content and brand authorisation. Allstar must also consider motivational factors to get consumers to continue to defile our products and the appropriate sales force and incentives to actuate the sales force to promote our brand.Some consumers are locomoted to purchase found upon coupons. motivational factors sidetrack for the various sales carry large grocery stores, mass merchandisers, and cooking stove drugstores are incentivized by turnover and allowances, and mugwump drugstores by the number of sales multitude on the fib. Allstar must ensure the appropriate allocation and combination of promotion and sales force to ensure our product gets the optimum attention and exposure. Political/LegalThe Food and drug Administration (FDA) regulates the amount of medication that can be contained in a single dose and the frequency in which a consumer should consume the dosage. In selecting new products, the Allstar merchandising team must select products that pull up stakes avert potential risks for the company. Selecting a product that has not received FDA approval could take a breather time to market and miss a potential sales window. Introducing a product to the market that has higher than average the recommended ingredients could be a potential risk should the FDA chat stricter regulations on the amount of ingredients.The team testament pay close attention to the formulations offered forwards introducing these to the market place, scrutinize the ingredient theatrical role and amount of medication in each, and assess the risk associated to the potential regulation of the product. inherent Environment Climate change is an ongoing c one timern and can affect the abide patterns and temperature fluctuations, which can affect the health of the world as a whole. Changes in humour could potentially annex or change magnitude the demand for OTC products. The team must monitor symptoms of consumers and offer products that cooperate the needs of the consumers.Currently, the most reported symptoms are aches, vanity congestion, and coughing. The reported symptoms could potentially change over time and Allstar needs to take into comity potential changes that could occur based upon changing environmental factors. Technological Allstar is C) Marketing Objectives Allstars semipermanent marketing objectives are 1)Increase market share 10%+ 2)Increase net income yearly by 20+ (annual growth) 3)Increase customer cheer to at least 60% 4)Increase consumer brand awareness to at least 85%The team bequeath also evaluate settlements at the end of each decimal point via the accomplishment summary report and queue the short-term dodging via the various commentary elements marketing system, marketing mix, pricing, promotion, sales force allocation, mark markets and channels. Overall, we pass on adhere to our long-run plan to achieve our long-term objectives. D) set Market Prior to determining the best way to market our product, we needed to contrastiveiate our target market of consumers. In doing so, we want to identify and profile distinct cope withings of buyers who office prefer our product over our competitions product.Based on this, we aligned our announce and promotion accordingly. When analyzing the market research, we noticed that five-year-old families, suppurate families, hollow nesters, and retired individuals accounted for over eighty-five percent of the cold, cough, and allergy market. Additionally, as Allround treats several different symptoms, it can be likeable to a large market with varying symptoms. Because of this, we utilise this demographic varia ble to identify our market. For psychographic considerations, the stakess and opinions of the target market were considered. For example, we did not initially target adolescent families.The original formulation of Allround included alcohol as an ingredient. Due to this ingredient, we did not market to young families for fear of an unintentional funk from this demographic. We were aware that young parents would not adore a pharmaceutical company marketing a cold medicine with alcohol as an ingredient to buyers with young children. When we were able to reformulate our product, we remote the alcohol from Allrounds com lieu, and added young families to our target market. Another factor we noticed when analyzing the market research was an interest in the effectiveness of the product.We observed that members of our target market (young families, mature families, empty nesters and retirees) were in the main concerned with the effectiveness of a medicine, and had a smaller amount of c oncern for the terms of the product. In other words, we deducted that members of this market group had the socio-economic background that would allow them to purchase a higher priced cold medicine if it was proved to be effective. By including both young and mature families in our target market, we bankd we would adjoin an growth in usage. By nature, colds and coughs are contagious.Families living in close quarter are likely to share colds, and thence increase the need for cold medicine. This was another significant variable we analyzed when identifying our target market. Also, minimal side effect is an appealing attribute of our medication. Both young and mature families consent many working parts, and we believe we can effectively target this group by touting our reduced side effects that allow families to go about on their daily routines. Geographic considerations involved reviewing the obtain habits of the target group. We sought to analyze where customers are going to purchase our product.According to the research, our target market shops predominately at grocery stores for cold and cough medicine. Because of this, we go away geographically target our market at grocery stores. E) Positioning For pry positioning, we are considering several factors to best position our product. We are pleased with the effectiveness of our product in regards to symptom residuum. We believe that this testament increase value in our product, and result in much satisfied customers. This go forth also lead to resort purchases from quick customers, and pull up stakes increase the likelihood for customers to purchase other Allround products.This departing allow us to introduce new Allround products to the market. For positioning in regards to pricing, we are seeking to find the indulgent balance between price and customer-perceived value. As Allround has a large portion of market share, we can factor in high the great unwashed of sales in our pricing plan. postgraduateer lot sales can lead to a reduced unit cost and general, more significant network in the long term. Because our customers view our product as effective in regards to cold symptoms, we can increase the price a bit to reinforce the notion that Allround may be a little more expensive but overall, it is worth the moderately higher price.Factors also used to determine the price positioning of Allround lead also include our competitions pricing, customer satisfaction, and overall brand awareness. As line extensions are introduced, we ordain elect to use either a market penetration or glide strategy, depending on the product and target market. The strategy used in the future forget be determined after(prenominal)(prenominal) an in-depth synopsis of the market and evaluation of the new produce. For Allrounds denote in regards to positioning, we forget continue to increase the advertizement cypher.This will allow Allround to remain on the high-end value side of the market while simultaneously keeping gradation with our competitors. Allround is in the mature stage, so the denote essence will focus on admonisher messages. The reminder message will be used to stimulate repeat purchases and serve as a reminder that Allround is the superior cold medicine. For Allrounds promotion in regards to positioning, we will bless a portion of our budget only when needed. Times when our promotional budget will increase will likely be if there is a decrease in Allrounds market share, or to combat a competitors new product.When Allround introduces a line extension, we will not devote the majority of our advertising budget to promote it. Rather, we will aim for a low to medium advertising expense, and carefully direct our message. Line extension advertising will be informative in an driving force to create awareness of the product. It will also be used to highlight the relationship the product has with Allround. Because Allround is a leader in the market with heightened brand awareness and consumer confidence, the relationship with Allround can be used to our proceeds.When Allround introduces a brand new product, we will use a medium to high advertising expense. The new product will be in the introduction stage in its product life beat, so advertising will need to be used more. The advertising message for new products will be informative, seek to help customers form a preference for the new product, and assure customers that the new product is as good as Allround Though advertising strategies vary for Allround, line extensions and new products, we will use the same channel decision strategy for all products. This strategy will be used regardless of the products life motorbike stage.We will maintain a channel sales force according to demand for the products. When a channel segment is experiencing growth, we will increase the amount of sales force present at these locations. For Allround, these high-volume sales channels are groc ery stores and chain drug stores thus far. Because of this, we have allocated more salesmen at these channels. Our strategy is to continue to monitor the take aim of sales at the different channels, and increase sales force at channels where sales are growing and/or have the potential for large amounts of growth.F) Product Currently, the Allround brand has the highest brand awareness and conversion ratio amongst its competitors. Consumers view the brand positively and it has the highest market share in OTC cold medicine. The main tension on the product is the brands effectiveness over the various categories and limited side effects. The medical community is recommending products that do not produce side effects. For this reason, the team has make the decision to market products that do not contain alcohol. Product PositioningAllstars value proposition to consumers is to offer products that will meet all their cold medication needs, providing high- tincture products with multi-sym ptom relief without adverse side effects. We feel that with the write up of the Allround brand, consumers are willing to pay for a high-quality product that meets his or her needs. We will show the following four key areas 1. High Quality Product/Competitive Price Offer products that are high quality and at a competitive price to maximize net income up to the drumhead that consumers will tolerate. . Product Benefits Offer products that will meet the needs of the consumer from a multi-symptom location that will make them satisfied with our products and motivate them to repurchase. 3. Product Differentiation Multi-symptom solution compared to competitors, such as, Besthelp 4. human face Effects Offer products that minimise negative side effects, such as removing alcohol content to gain more physician recommendations. G) Price The pricing strategy will rely upon the following key factors 1)Inflation/Deflation 2)Consumer purchase decision criteria )Balancing the tradeoff between p rice and symptom relief 4)Analysis of competitor pricing / competitor product offering / historical pricing We will monitor the tradeoff graph in the PharmaSim module each close to ensure that we are pricing the product close to the optimal line (price vs. symptom relief). Thus far, we have learned that we need to continue increase our prices to keep up with inflation and make some manual modifications to the price depending on the previous periods price increase while monitoring what is occurrent in the future period regarding the economic factors.Consumers purchase decision criteria will be the one of the main decision factors in determining how we price our product each period. We determined that the key element in the consumer purchasing decision is product effectiveness for Allround, which we can measure by customer satisfaction. We need to ensure that our product has the highest level of customer satisfaction each period. By linking customer satisfaction with performance-bas ed pricing, we believe we will be successful. Since products offered are at different stages of the product life cycle, we will position the pricing appropriately for each product.As Allround is in the mature stage, we will take advantage of the consumer loyalty and try to maintain an optimum price to reap benefits from this product line to help with the financing of other product introductions. We will price new products competitively using penetration pricing based upon where the competitors are in the market and once consumer loyalty and market presence are stranded, we will increase the pricing to an optimal level as to maximize net income, while continuing to increase our market share. H) Promotion For Allround, we plan to use a combination of vim and pull strategies.For the most part, we will use a pull strategy for Allround as the product is in the mature lifecycle and we need to continue to advertise and contribute funds to the consumer promotion budget using trial sizes, coupons, points of purchase, and co-op advertising. Our push strategies will include our sales force to help promote the brand and detailers to help obtain recommendations from the medical community. We will use trade allowances as a way of enticing the sales channels to buy at the higher volume by decreasing the lowest volume tax deduction and increasing the highest volume dissolve.When introducing new products, we will use the same trade allowances as Allround and decrease the discounts once the new products establish a market presence over future periods. We believe that this strategy will help us achieve higher unit sales, as we will decoy the channels to buy at the large volumes as they will benefit from a larger discount. As the new products mature, we will gradually decrease the volume discount to maximize our net income. In period 4, we decided to allocate 70% of all funds to Allround and 30% to Allround+.As the majority of the sales are quiet down with Allround and the product is still Allstars moneymaker, we did not want to allocate too many funds into the new brand Allround+. As we introduce other products, we will establish a long-term strategy of allocating funds as follows to our product line Allround40% Allround+30% Allright30% Advertising For Allround, we will use various advertising messages depending where we are in the product cycle. We initially will focus on benefits and reminder advertising, as well as continue to use comparative advertising against Besthelp.On new products, our strategy will focus on weighty primary and benefit, with some comparative advertising. As the product ages, we will place emphasis from primary to benefits and reminder advertising. For Allround, the advertising message is Relieves Aches, Clear Nasal Congestion, Reduces Chest Congestion, Suppresses Cough, Minimizes Side Effects, and wont Cause Drowsiness. We added Wont Cause Drowsiness when we removed the alcohol from Allround and got rid of Dries Up smoot h Nose as we already have a message of Clear Nasal Congestion, which could be confusing to consumers.I) Place ( dispersion) The period zero sales report shows that direct distribution channels are intimately twice as much as collateral distribution channels (direct distribution channels account for 63. 4% of sales, while indirect distribution channels account for 36. 7% of sales). Because of this, we will prioritize direct channels for our distribution. The direct channel sales are motivated by volume discount and promotional allowances these two factors impact overall shelf space for Allround.Volume discount and promotional allowance are factors for indirect channels as well, so we will use this information in our marketing mix with regards to promotion. We will adjust these volume discounts and promotional allowances after each period to correspond with channel growth rates and sales. J) Evaluation and Control We will affiance various methods to evaluate our performance after ea ch period. We determined that an in-depth analysis after each period is essential to maintain our product as a leader in the market. The company dashboard and performance summary will serve as primary tools in this analysis.This is where we will gather information regarding our marketing strategy, mix, promotions, sales force and price we will use this information to compare how effective we were in achieving the marketing goals aforementioned. Another method we will use to evaluate our performance is by analyzing the dowry of changes in each of our decision points. For example, we will calculate the percentage of growth in our sales force, our product price and our advertising budget. We will then cross-reference these calculations with our overall performance in the period.An increase in price of 3. 5% may cause a negative trend in our market share because of this, we will fancy to adjust our price to better capture market share. By performing akin calculations and comparative analysis, we hope to identify any positive or negative trends and adjust accordingly. While changes will occur, our overall marketing approach will not change drastically. We will adjust as our line is extended and new products are launched due to differences in the marketing life cycle of each product, but the core of our marketing strategy will remain relatively unchanged.