Audience profile Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Audience profile - Assignment Example The potential customer for the company has been divided into two groups, one group is males and females aged between 19 to 35 years who are single or live together with a partner (no children); the other group is young families with children, where the parents are aged between 25 to 40 years. On the basis of the findings, the following table has been created to illustrate the products and its market more clearly. Product Product Depth SKU Target Market Organic Smoothies Blackberry and Blueberry Cranberry and Red Currant Wild Strawberry and Red Cherries 750 ml cartons 200 ml plastic bottles Males and females aged 19-35, who are single or live together with a partner (no children). Young families with children, where the parents are aged 25-40 Brief Analysis The age group (19-35 years) have always been the potential target customers for fast food products. Similarly, marketers of ice-cream products such as Smoothies, target this age group. Reports also reveal that ice-cream and its rel ated products are witnessing high sales figures (Mintel, 2012). This category of product is mostly consumed by the age group 19-35 years. Those who are single or live together with their partners are likely to spend more time with their friends. They also visit restaurants or fast food outlets more than any other age group. In addition, the survey revealed that most of the respondents of this age group have a positive attitude towards the product. One of the major reasons of a positive attitude of this group towards the product is the absence of health concerns. Smoothies are products which have high calorie count and hence there are health concerns associated with this product. A large number of people belonging to this age group hardly have any concerns about health. On the other hand, a substantial number of people from the age group 25-40 years are health conscious and try to consume only those fast foods which have lesser number of calories. Apart from that people of the age gr oup 25-40 years are mostly married and thus their lifestyle is different and remains busy with their work. Hence, from the analysis it is absolutely clear that the age group of 19-35 years is more prospective than the age group 25-40 years. Therefore, it is recommended to the company that they should target people who are of the age group 19-35 years, single or live together with partners and do not have any children. Now, in this context, The Berry Powerful Smoothie Company is advised to use Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) to reach out to the customers. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is an approach which aims at achieving the marketing campaign objectives, by the use of well-coordinated promotional methods, which are intended to emphasize the brand’s core message. IMC approach also helps companies to reduce the overall promotional cost. The chosen target group of the company is males and females aged 19-35 (between 19 to 35 years), who are single or live t ogether with a partner (no children). Now, in-depth analysis of the chosen customer group will be carried out in the next section. On the basis of the findings from the detailed customer analysis, the IMC strategy will be recommended to the company. Audience Analysis Performa for the Audience Profile Your name: Name of the Student Registration no: - Registration Number of the Student Your chosen audience: - Males and females aged 19-35 who are single or live together with a partner and have no children. Circle one: - Individuals / Couples

Historical Example of Labor Supply and Demand Essay Example for Free

Historical Example of Labor Supply and Demand Essay The Luddite Revolt was a part of history that was relatively unknown to me. As such I decided to read it in great length. What I discovered was that at the dawn of the industrial revolution there became massive unemployment. This is because traditional craftsman were obsolete to some of the new manufacturing processes of the day. The industrial revolution made handmade crafts a thing of the past. The luddites were not adapted to handle the situation. These craftsmen felt so threatened by the new technology that they resorted to breaking the means of production associated with it. In 1816 there was a violent revolt of a Luddites which resulted in the breakage of 53 frames at Heathcote and Boden mills in Loughsboro UK. The cost of this revolt was significant. With automated machines now able to produce goods at a faster and cheaper rate than individual merchants these people found themselves without economic viability. They were reduced to being unskilled factory workers instead of the skilled craftsmen they had been before. Consequentially their wages suffered. Work that would have gained someone financial stability or independence was now paid at a substantially less price. In addition these folks didn’t have the ability to sell their own goods any longer. As they were now working in someone else’s factory they had little or no control over what was the asking price of the end product. The frustration these people felt led to the Luddite Revolts.

Matching the Differences in Grammar

Matching the Differences in Grammar Matching the Differences in Grammar and Lexicon in Translation Process Introduction In Nidas view, Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Nida, Eugene A., 1975: 14). In other words, translation is the process of transformation from a speech product (or text) produced in one language to a speech product (or text) in another language. During this process of transformation the level of content in the source text should remain unchanged. However, the modes of thinking and expression of English and Chinese are very different. The influential European-born American literary critic, translator, and educator George Steiner remarks, The difficulties of translating Chinese into a western language are notorious. Chinese is composed mainly of monosyllabic units with a wide range of diverse meanings. The grammar lacks clear tense distinctions. The characters are logographic but many contain pictorial rudiments or suggestions. The relations betwee n propositions are paratactic rather than syntactic and punctuation marks represent breathing pauses far more than they do logical or grammatical segmentations. (George Steiner/After Babel, 1998: 271) Chinese is a refined language with a tightly knit structure. Though it is one of the most ancient languages in the world, it still has strong expressiveness and utility value. During the process of translation, various differences between the grammar and lexicon are very common. The Chinese translator can never be so cocksure of what an English sentence or passage really means without being crystal clear about its syntactic and textual structure as well as the lexical and grammatical meanings of the expressions it contains. And a well-trained bilingual translator should have the ability to handle all these differences and give out a compete transcript of the original work, making sure the style and manner of writing are of the same character as that of the source text. In the following part, I will analyze some features in the grammar and lexicon of English and Chinese and give some translation strategies. Lexicon English has a large vocabulary. Historically, it absorbed a giant number of words from other languages, i.e. French, Latin and Greek. Given the various origins and the synonyms already existed in English, the English speaker always have several choices to express a certain meaning. Hence there are many synonyms and near-synonyms in English. Also, polysemy appears widely in this language. Chinese has copious synonyms as well as near-synonyms, too. So the translators need to carefully consider the differences between all of the options and find the right word to use in particular situations. There is no change of forms in Chinese vocabulary. The Chinese language users mainly express the meaning of a sentence through the words, the word orders and their internal logical relations. The English vocabulary has copious changes of forms, for instance, the nouns have singular and plural forms; the verbs have different forms when the person, the case, the tense, or the mood is changing; the adjectives and adverbs both have the comparative degree and the superlative degree; many words also can add the prefix or the suffix to change its meaning. While translating English to Chinese, the translator needs to add some words or change the form of Statement to show the change of forms in the English text. While translating Chinese to English, the translator should change certain forms to match the tense, the mood and the voice in the Chinese text. Here are two English sentences and their Chinese translations. His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness (). With defenses rig idly constructed in our own childhood and beyond, we can become frozen in our ability to adapt to the new role of caring for our children in a consistent and clear manner. Normal aspects of our childrens experience such as their emotionality, their helplessness and vulnerability, and their dependence on us can feel threatening and become intolerable (,,,,) In the first sentence, added to is translated as not which is translated word by word because uneasiness means which does not fit well with . The second sentence comes from a psychological book about parenthood named Parenting from the Inside Out which was translated to Chinese by me. There are two children in the text, I translated the first to and the second . The reason is that the first one is in the text of the new role of caring for our children, it is improper to say which is too redundant. Based on the code of the Chinese language, I omitted ? which stands for the plural form and which is a part of the   subject th at needless to mention. Generally speaking, in English, nouns, prepositions, adjectives and adverbs are more active and can express more meanings in the sentences while in Chinese, verbs, phrases and clauses are more powerful. Some adverbs in English are very informative which can be translated as a separate Chinese sentence or clause. In contrast, some Chinese clauses can be translated as a certain English word. For example, ,(He is a greenhand). Grammar The overt cohesive relationships between parts of the texts are necessarily linked to a languages grammatical system (Halliday and Hasan 1976: 44). Thus, grammatical differences between languages will be expressed by changes in the types of ties used to mark cohesion in the source and target texts (Shoshana Blum-Kulka, 1986: 18). I will analyze the grammatical differences between English and Chinese in terms of sentence word order, sentence structure and paragraph awareness. Sentence Word Order There are some similarities in the word order of the sentences between English and Chinese, for example, the orders of the main part of a sentence (the subject, the predicate, the object and the predicative) are the same. The differences lie in the positions of the attribute and the adverbial. Position of Attribute In Chinese sentences, the attribute is always in front of the modified noun. As for English, if the attribute is a word, it is placed in front of the modified noun too; if the attribute is a phrase, then its position is always behind the noun. For example, The man you saw yesterday is his cousin(). Position of adverbial If the adverbial is a word, it should be placed in front of the modified adjectives and other adverbials, no matter in English or Chinese. For example, He works very hard (). While the adverbial (a word) is modifying a verb, for Chinese, it should be placed in front of the modified word; for English, the position is more flexible. For instance, IT industry has been developing rapidly in these years(IT).The molecules of a gas are moving about extremely fast in all directions (). If the adverbial is a phrase, when it is modifying a verb, in English, the position of the phrase is flexible while in Chinese, in most cases, the phrase is in front of the modified part, e.g. William left the shop without a word (). Sentence structure The English sentences value hypotaxis while the Chinese sentences pay more attention on parataxis. The English language always use morphological changes, conjunctions, prepositions, attributive clauses and absolute structures to indicate the grammatical relation between sentence elements. Having no morphological changes, attributive clauses and absolute structures and few conjunctions and prepositions, the grammatical relations between elements in Chinese sentences are often indicated implicitly. The Chinese sentential form is more casual than English. For instance, They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives (,,,). Paragraph awareness In English, if the whole paragraph only mentioned one person or a certain thing, the subjects seldom change which keeps coherence of the text. As for Chinese, there is no such rule for maintaining the subjects in a paragraph. Hence, while translating a Chinese paragraph to English, the translator should pay attention to the subjects. Here is an example. ,,,,, (She got into her chair and was soon carried through the city wall. Peeping through the gauze panel which served as a window, she could see streets and buildings more rich and elegant and throngs of people more lively and numerous than she had ever seen in her life before) (Yang Hsien-yi/ Gladys Yang, 1995: 72). This sentence comes from the Classical Chinese Literature A Dream of Red Mansions and the English version was translated by Chinese translators Yang Hsien-yi and his wife Gladys Yang. The Chinese paragraph does not even mention the subject, but we can define that there are two subjects in this paragraph the person and t he street. As for the English version, in order to keep the coherence, the translator skillfully merges the second subject into the text by taking it as the object. Conclusion One of the translation standards put forward by Chinese translator and reformer Yan Fu in the 19th century is faithfulness (and the rest two are comprehensiveness and elegance). It is obvious that faithfulness is the most important standard among the three. However, there are disparities between one language and another disparities in lexicon, in grammar and in linguistic structure, etc. So it is impossible to achieve the absolute faithfulness. But a professional bilingual translator can achieve the real faithfulness in a possible sense a faithful translation in good formality with not only the original context, but also the original form and style. Though there are many differences in lexicon and grammar between Chinese and English, as long as the translators mind these differences and take the related translation strategies, they still can contribute very profound translations and help people speaking different languages communicate with each other. (1,942 words) References Halliday, M. and R. Hasan, 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman. George Steiner, After Babel, 1998. Aspects of Language and Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press Nida, Eugene A., 1975. Language Structure and Translation. Stanford: Standford University Press, California Shoshana blum-kulka, 1986. Interlingual and Intercultural Communication: Discourse and Cognition in Translation and Second Language Acquisition Studies. Tubingen: Narr Yang Hsien-yi/ Gladys Yang, 1995. A Dream of Red Mansions. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press 12/16/2009   Page7 of 7

Growth of Mormon Church Essay -- Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day

On, April 6, 1830, a then 24-year-old young man named Joseph Smith Jr. gathered in a small room along with six other people to organize a Church that would change American history. Since the age of 14, Joseph Smith had always been a source of contentment and ridicule by people of all social classes and religions. Ten years earlier, in the spring of 1820, this young boy declared that he had seen a vision, that he had been visited by both God, and His Son, Jesus Christ. This vision is a cornerstone of the Church that is known today as, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, nicknamed the â€Å"Mormons†, a religion that was built on the ideals of communal living and strict obedience to religious guidelines, a people that would be hunted by mobs, and that would eventually erect a â€Å"sanctuary† of 15,000 â€Å"saints† only 13 years after its foundation, a religion that Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum would be murdered for at the age of 38, a Church that would grow from 7 members in 1830, to a congregation of over 11 million in the year 2000.# Why did many early American settlers, both rich and poor, believe in the Mormon doctrines and, by contrast, why did so many early settlers despise these people for their beliefs? In order for us to understand how the early Mormon Church grew at such a rapid pace, and why this particular new religion survived when many others started with the same fervor, but did not have the staying power of Mormonism, we have to first look at the time and region in which this new faith began. I don’t know if there could have been a time and place any where in the world that was more prepared for Joseph Smith Jr., and the Mormon religion, than western New York in the early 1830’s. At this time in U.S. history, what was called the â€Å"Second Great Awakening† was taking place throughout the country,# and western New York had been labeled the â€Å"Burned-over District† by a lawyer from New York, named Charles Finney, because it â€Å"had been scorched by the flames of religious enthusiasm.†# Revivals and religious fervor were taking hold, and many new denominations were being formed, this area of the country became famous â€Å"for its hist ory of revivalism, radicalism, utopian experiments. It was fertile ground for new ideas to take root and spread to other parts of the country.†# Joseph Smith was able to capitalize on this when he founded the LDS Church ... ...wakening and Rise of Evangelicalism, 15 February 2005, http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA95/finseth/evangel.html Brodie, Fawn McKay. No Man Knows My History, The Life of Joseph Smith, The Mormon Prophet. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1945. Joseph Smith-History: Extracts From the History of Joseph Smith, The Prophet. Utah: Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1979. Mississippi River Home Page, Mormons in the Midwest, 1830-1846, 15 February 2005, http://www.greatriver.com/mormons.htm National Humanities Center, Evangelicalism, Revivalism, and the Second Great Awakening, 15 February 2005, http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/tserve/nineteen/nkeyinfo/nevanrev.htm Public Broadcast Service. American Prophet: The Story of Joseph Smith. 15 February 2005, http://www.pgs.org/americanprophet/index.html. San Diego University History Department, The Burned-Over District, 15 February 2005, http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/civilwar/01/burned.html The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 15 February 2005, http://www.lds.org/ The National Parks Service, Mormon Pioneer, 15 February 2005, http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/mopi/hrs1.htm

Rhetoric and Paragraph

What is a paragraph? A paragraph is a group of sentences that are all about one specific idea. It should begin with a topic sentence, that is, a sentence which addresses the subject of the paragraph. The other sentences in the paragraph should supply information that helps to explain the topic. How long should a paragraph be? There is no set length for a paragraph, but, generally, three full sentences are considered the minimum, and half a page is considered the maximum. What are the kinds of paragraph? Narration Narrative paragraphs/essays are often a chronological (make contain flashbacks) presentation of events that add up to a story. Paragraphs of this type contain protagonist and an antagonist, setting, conflict and resolution. They often contain a lot of description, but this is not essential. Description Descriptive types of paragraphs/essays are written in such a way that the reader is able to imagine the scene, object, person, etc. Series of detailed observations are recorded, using sensory language. Descriptions are like narrative paragraphs, with visual characteristics unfolding in a dramatized way. The main objective of a description is to move the story ahead. Definition Definition type of paragraphs/essays, provide meaning about a topic, using events and happenings. A strong effort should be made to clearly explain what something is, rather than what it is not. ComparisonThe objective of paragraphs/essays written in the comparison style is to compare, two or more objects, characters, events, etc. Two types of comparison are used-a point by point comparison or a topic by topic comparison. Persuasion A persuasive paragraph/essay is used in editorials, essays and columns. A direct approach is the best in writing a persuasive paragraph. The objective of a persuasive paragraph is to persuade people to change their minds, or take action. Persuasive paragraphs help people formulate an opinion and/or deepen it, by adding conviction. These essays must use concrete evidence followed by commentary in order to be effective. Exposition Expository paragraphs are explanatory in nature. They could be an important part of a description or narration. Credibility should be added in an expository paragraph, by citing authorities that have good credentials. This type of paragraph can also be a justifier that explains why something is important, for example why a memory or place or a function or activity is important. Process analysis A process analysis paragraph describes how a process happens, through a series of sequential actions. This type of paragraph is usually followed by illustrations, as they help explain the process better. What is a topic sentence? A topic sentence (also known as a focus sentence in some cases) encapsulates or organizes an entire paragraph. Although topic sentences may appear anywhere in a paragraph, in academic essays they often appear at the beginning. What is paragraph unity? Coherence? Emphasis? A good paragraph has the characteristics of unity, coherence and emphasis. In unity a paragraph must be unified on its structure. In coherence a paragraph must establish continuity within or towards the other paragraph. In emphasis the idea within the paragraph should be given importance and made to stand. Unity A paragraph is a unit of composition that established oneness because it develops a central and main idea on its structure. The entire paragraph must be unified on its structure and all the sentences within the paragraph should focus on the topic sentence. There are several violations in which the unity of the paragraph is lost. One of these is by the inclusion of the second central idea which divides the idea of the entire paragraph. Another violation is the inclusion of one or more sentences containing details that are not really related to the paragraph’s main ideas. There are also cases in which there is no central idea that was being established within the paragraph resulting to the disunity of sentences in the paragraph composition. Coherence Coherence is considered as the continuity between as well as within the paragraph. It is very important to arrange and link the sentences between the paragraphs to be able to make the readers follow the thought or the idea that want to be implied. There are several logical orders in which coherence can be established. These logical orders are the spatial orders, deductive order and inductive order. Chronological order is done in such ways like narrating experiences, summarizing the steps in the process and explaining events and movements. Spatial order can be established through the arrangement of visual details in some consistent sequences such as from left to right, east to west, near or distant and vice versa. Deductive order is done by establishing a general statement moving to the more particular details that explain the general statement itself. Inductive order is done by starting the statement with more particular detail going to and supporting the general statement. Coherence can also be established through the use of some special devices. These transitional devices are the transitional keywords; the reference of pronoun, the repetition of keywords and the use of the parallel structure. The transitional words and phrases serve as indicators of the different relationships that need to be connected to be able to establish coherence in the paragraph. The reference of pronoun is a device used to avoid needles repetition in the paragraph. The repetition of keywords is used in such a way that the keywords that are related to the central idea in order to establish coherence. The parallel structure is used to call attention to similar idea in the paragraph. Emphasis Emphasis is the principle of the paragraph composition in which the important ideas are made to stand. In here it is very important that the main points of the writer should be evident inside the paragraph. Having an emphasis can be achieved by using some devices such as the use of emphasis by proportion, emphasis by pause and emphasis by position. In the emphasis by proportion, the subordinate ideas should be given less substance while ideas which have greater importance should be given more substance. In the emphasis by pause, the emphasis is established by making chapter divisions, paragraph breaks as well as mark of punctuation. In the emphasis by position, the beginning and end of the paragraph are considered as crucial points where emphasis should be placed, emphasis are usually positioned in these places.

Animal Farm Essays

Animal Farm Essays Animal Farm Essay Animal Farm Essay The world is constantly changing and transforming into a higher and more complex state of being. As the seasons change, the mood of the trees and grass are effected as one. This philosophy of the world revolving, always leads to the question; why this sudden change? In Animal Farm by George Orwell, the character representing Joseph Stalin, gradually evolves into a dictator of his own kind. Napoleon, who is a husky berkshire- boar, takes command of the rest of the animals, and effects the life of his comrades. Napoleon increasingly became more and more like a human dictator, making it as if Snowball, Leon Trotsky, never existed. Modifying, and manipulating the standard commandments, Napoleon makes the farm his own. â€Å"All men are enemies. All animals are comrades. † (pg. 9) This is the basis for Napoleons drive to rid the human race, and build the animals strive for power. Napoleon begins to realize that he must create this change for the benefit of the animals. Napoleon disagrees with almost all of Snowballs decisions, and yet tries to overtake the humans as well. With all of the contrasting thoughts about what to do next, Napoleon decides to overthrow Snowball, and monitor animal farm. By doing this, he has made himself one step closer to gaining power over everyone. The animals now see that Napoleon is the one that makes all changes. Napoleon begins to educate the animals, teaching them to read and write. During the time that Snowball was along side Napoleon, the seven commandments were created to set down the animals restrictions. As these are formed, Napoleon hypocrites these commandments, by having them â€Å"improved† by Squealer. As progress begins to take way, Napoleon seems to be putting the blame on Snowball for every opposing event that takes place. Considering Snowball is no longer part of animal farm, Napoleon and Squealer decide to make him the common enemy. Dictatorship is taking over morals, with these actions. The windmill that was created, was originally the idea of Snowball, yet as soon as Snowball is exiled, Napoleon takes the responsibility of making it his idea. Later, the windmill is destroyed by a vigorous storm; once again Napoleon puts the blame on Snowball. The other animals, being uneducated and gullible, believe any word that Napoleon says. Napoleon has manipulated the use of power, and has already made it so that the animals are worthy to him. Along with him abusing his power, he consistently changes the commandments, with the help of Squealer; who puts forth the argument that anything Napoleon says is for the good of the animals. â€Å"Curiously enough, Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall, it must have done so. † (pg. 47) As Napoleon gains more power, the commandments are revised, without the consent of the animals, or without them even realizing it. Towards the end of the book, it is clear that Napoleon has total dictatorship over animal farm. He is rarely seen in public; when he is, he is surrounded by dogs. â€Å"No question now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which. † (pg. 117) Even though the animals strived to be animals with reason, they end up being more like humans then they began with. Power has corrupted the value of life for these animals and in the end, Napoleon ends up to be more human- like then Mr. Jones. Napoleon adapts these human habits, of drinking and being careless, and the strive to get freedom from humans is diminished. In the book Animal Farm by George Orwell, the character representing Joseph Stalin becomes a dictator over time, and corrupts the power that he holds. The animals seek freedom from humans, yet end up being more human than ever. The morals of the animals lives become increasingly more like the humans world then they expected. The world constantly evolves into something better or worse, knowing the change would create no value to life. Change, is the world becoming developed, but can change always be beneficial? animal farm Essays animal farm Paper animal farm Paper Essay Topic: Animal Farm The purpose of a revolution, as history has shown, is to fight some sort of political or social injustice suffered by a group of the general public. Typically a minority of the population, in search of a better lifestyle fights back against the oppression they have been forced to endure. History is full of countless examples of this. Two such notable revolutions are the French and Russian movements, though they occurred at completely different time periods they share common similarities.Many times in the course of a revolution the initial goals of the revolting group are enjoyed and for a short period of time a general sense of accomplishment is felt by the induction of new ideas. However as seen in the French and Russian revolutions the leadership that was so strongly opposed is returned to power with little change noted on the surface. Author George Orwell in his recent novel Animal Farmwrites a very effective political allegory of not only the Russian Revolution but of movemen ts of the same nature. So transparent are the obvious links to the revolution that it took the acclaimed author several publisher rejections, including his own, to finally find one who would publish his book.Included in the reasons for rejection were the fear of the impact on wartime needs and policies, and the opinion that Orwells satirical view was to strong given the present political climate.None the less the novel was published by Frederic Warburg, and rightfully so, as the tale of the Animal Farm is written to almost perfection and has been called by many one of the best written books of our time. The Russian revolution is one of the only revolutions in history that can be compared to the French revolution in size and outcome.Orwells impression of such a movement seems to be clouded by his negative interpretation of the actions of those in power.Animal Farms use of satirical attacks on the rev

Jack Merridew Essays - Novel Series, Allegory, Lord Of The Flies

Jack Merridew Essays - Novel Series, Allegory, Lord Of The Flies Jack Merridew Jack Merridew He was tall, thin, and bony, and his hair was red beneay the black cap. His face was crumpled and freckled, and ugly without silliness. A cruel and ugly bully, he early develops a taste for violence. He is a leader of the choir at first, and then of the hunters. His leadership resides in his ability to threaten and frighten those under him. He is always ready for a fight. His victory over Piggy represents the triumph of violence over intellect, as he smashes one of the lenses of the fat boy's glasses. The knife that he carries is a symbol of the death and destruction that accompany his every act. He does have some attractive qualities-bravery and resourcefulness. But these are easily hidden by his newly discovered wrath, envy, pride, hatred, and lust for blood. He is constantly attempting to weaken Ralph's hold on the boys. He suggests opposite measures, he shouts abusively, he threatens, he is constantly demanding to be made chief. In all, he is a complete stranger to polite behavio r. In his constant rivalry with Ralph, and in his constant preoccupation with killing, whether it be pigs or fellow human beings. He could always be found leading the boys into a chaos of brute activities. His egotistical outbursts and his temper tantrums suggest that he is immature in his social development. But as hunter and killer he is extremely precocious. The readiness with which he throws himself into the existence of a savage, as he pauses to sniff the air for scent, or falls to his knees to inspect the pig droppings, or runs naked and painted through the forest, suggests the flimsiness of the restraints and patterns of civilization in a personality in which the destructive passions flow strongly. If the novel is read as religious story, Jack emerges as an delegate of the Devil, enticing the other boys to sin. If the novel is read as a representation of Freudian (Im Learning this in Psychology now) principles, Jack represents the primitive urges of the id. In the symbolic representation of the processes of life and death, Jack suggests, both in the black cloaks which he and his followers wear and in his association with darkness, the power of death. In his first appearance, coming out of the darkness of the forest to face Ralph, whom he cannot see because his back is to the sun, Jack represents the Satanic and deathly force coming to confront the divine and life giving man of light. The blood that he wallows in is a further representation of deathliness. When, after his first kill, Jack transferred the knife to his left hand and smudged blood over his forehead as he pushed down the plastered hair, he unconsciously imitates the ritual of the tribal initiation of the hunter, who se face is covered with the blood of his first kill. Finally, if the novel is read as the story of human civilization, Jack represents the influences of unreason and confusion and violence as they operate counter to the progress of human virtues and social institutions.

Presencia de padres para solicitar pasaporte de menores

Presencia de padres para solicitar pasaporte de menores Como regla general, para sacar el pasaporte de EE.UU. para un menor de edad es necesaria la presencia y el consentimiento de ambos padres o, en su caso, del guardin o tutor legal. Sin embargo, la ley reconoce importantes excepciones a esta regla general, ya que a veces es muy difà ­cil o imposible que ambos padres puedan acompaà ±ar al infante a solicitar el pasaporte. Por ejemplo, cuando no se hablan o, simplemente, no se puede ubicar a uno de ellos. Puntos clave: presencia de padres para solicitar pasaporte para menor en EE.UU. Regla general: es necesaria la presencia y consentimiento de ambos padresExcepciones: custodia no compartida, no es posible ubicar a uno de los padres, es imposible que se presente o uno de ellos se niega a dar su consentimiento para este trmite. Casos de In Loco Parentis (en el lugar de los padres).Costo pasaporte y/o tarjeta de pasaporte: 16 aà ±os o ms, 15 aà ±os o menos. Primera vez/renovar. Tarifa de tramitacià ³n urgente y servicio de mensajerà ­a. Regla general sobre presencia de los padres para solicitar pasaporte de EE.UU. para los hijos La regla general es que se necesita el consentimiento de ambos padres para sacar el pasaporte americano para un nià ±o menor de edad. La consecuencia de dicha regla es que para solicitar el pasaporte de un nià ±o estadounidense ambos padres deben presentarse con el menor en la Oficina o Agencia de Aceptacià ³n de Solicitudes de Pasaporte, si se est en Estados Unidos, o en una oficina consular si se est en otro paà ­s. Excepciones a la regla de presencia conjunta del padre y de la madre Las normas permiten tres excepciones a esta regla general de obligatoriedad de presencia de ambos padres en el trmite de solicitud de pasaporte estadounidense para un hijo menor de edad. En primer lugar, no es requisito la presencia de padre y madre en la Oficina o Agencia de solicitud de pasaportes o en la oficina consular cuando se puede probar que uno de los progenitores goza en exclusiva de la custodia sobre el hijo. Los documentos aceptados son las siguientes: Certificado de Nacimiento (forma larga) o Reporte Consular de Nacimiento en el Extranjero del nià ±o en el que figure sà ³lo el nombre del padre o de la madre.Certificado de Defuncià ³n de uno de los padres.Declaracià ³n de una Corte estableciendo que uno de los padres es incompetente para asuntos legales.Certificado de adopcià ³n, cuando el menor es adoptado por sà ³lo un hombre o sà ³lo una mujer.Orden judicial en la que se concede la custodia al padre o a la madre. Sin embargo, en este à ºltimo caso, es posible que el documento judicial expresamente prohiba al progenitor que goza de la custodia en exclusiva del derecho a solicitar un pasaporte para el menor. Si esa es la situacià ³n, no podr pedir sin el otro progenitor el pasaporte para el nià ±o. En segundo lugar, no es obligatoria la presencia de ambos padres cuando el pap y la mam tienen la custodia conjunta sobre el menor pero es imposible que uno de ellos acompaà ±e al nià ±o a realizar la tramitacià ³n de pasaporte. Pero para ello es necesario que el progenitor que no lo acompaà ±e complete el formulario DS-3053. Llenar todos los apartados desde el 1 al 4a, dejando en blanco los apartados 4b y 5. Adems, hay que obtener la firma de un notario y presentarlo en la oficina de solicitud de pasaporte o en el consulado. Llevar tambià ©n una fotocopia legible de un I.D. oficial del padre ausente. En tercer lugar, incluso es posible que ninguno de los paps acompaà ±e al infante. En este caso los padres deben hacer una declaracià ³n jurada ante un notario otorgando a favor de otra persona, como por ejemplo, la abuelita o un tà ­o, el poder para acompaà ±ar al nià ±o y representar a los padres para ese asunto concreto. Esto es lo que se conoce como In Loco Parentis (en el lugar de los padres).  ¿Quà © pasa cuando ambos padres tienen la custodia pero uno se niega a dar el consentimiento o no se puede localizar? Es frecuente que en casos de separacià ³n o divorcio no amistosos, uno de los padres se niegue a dar el consentimiento para que los hijos comunes soliciten el pasaporte. Siempre que ambos padres tengan la custodia, el padre o madre que desee que sus hijos tengan pasaporte puede explicar este problema en el apartado 5 del formulario DS-3053. Su explicacià ³n puede ser aceptada o no. Como recurso final siempre se puede pedir una orden judicial para conseguir la autorizacià ³n del otro progenitor. Pero la Corte solo dictaminar que el menor puede aplicar por el pasaporte si el viaje al extranjero que se pretende realizar es en interà ©s del menor y no hay riesgo de que se retenga al menor en el extranjero. Se trata de evitar que uno de los padres viaje con los hijos a otro paà ­s y no regresen a Estados Unidos. Si esto ocurriera, serà ­a un delito de secuestro internacional de nià ±os. Tambià ©n puede suceder que uno de los padres no pueda ubicar al otro progenitor para pedir el consentimiento. En este caso la solucià ³n tambià ©n es rellenar el formulario DS-3053, dejando en blanco el apartado 4a y el 4b y extendià ©ndose en el apartado 5 lo ms que se pueda explicando las gestiones realizadas para localizar otro progenitor. Presencia del menor Cuando se solicita un pasaporte para un nià ±o americano hay que seguir reglas muy estrictas sobre su presencia en la oficina en la que se realiza el trmite, tanto para la renovacià ³n como para solicitar por primera vez. Como regla general, el nià ±o debe estar presente para este trmite, aunque sea un bebà ©. Costo y formularios para solicitar pasaporte o tarjeta de pasaporte de EE.UU. para un menor Con el pasaporte estadounidense los ciudadanos estadounidenses pueden salir de e ingresar a EE.UU. por cualquiera de sus pasos migratorios. Por el contrario, con la tarjeta de pasaporte solo es posible utilizar controles migratorios terrestres o marà ­timos hacia/desde Mà ©xico, Bermudas, Canad y Caribe. Cada persona puede elegir un documento u otro o ambos, segà ºn sus necesidades. Segà ºn el Departamento de Estado, el costo de solicitar por primera vez o renovar el pasaporte o la tarjeta de pasaporte de un menor son los siguientes: Pasaporte estadounidense por primera vez: 16 aà ±os o ms: $110 costo de aplicacià ³n ms $35 tarifa de ejecucià ³n15 aà ±os o menos: $80 costo de aplicacià ³n ms $35 tarifa de ejecucià ³n Tarjeta de pasaporte: 16 aà ±os o ms: $30 costo de aplicacià ³n ms $35 costo de ejecucià ³n15 aà ±os o menos: $15 costo de aplicacià ³n ms $35 tarifa de ejecucià ³n Si se desea solicitar al mismo tiempo el pasaporte y la tarjeta de pasaporte se deben pagar el costo de aplicacià ³n de ambos documentos pero solo un coste de aplicacià ³n. Asà ­, los nià ±os entre 16 y 18 aà ±os pagan $140 por ambos documentos en concepto de aplicacià ³n ms $35 por ejecucià ³n. Es decir, un total de $175. En el caso de nià ±os de 15 aà ±os o menos, si se solicitan ambos documentos tendrà ­an que pagar un total de $95 por aplicacià ³n ms $35 en concepto de ejecucià ³n. La cuota de aplicacià ³n se paga al Departamento de Estado de los Estados Unidos mientras que la de ejecucià ³n, tambià ©n conocida como de aceptacià ³n, se paga a la Oficina de Aceptacià ³n que tramita la gestià ³n. Costo de renovacià ³n: 16 aà ±os o ms: $110 por pasaporte y $30 por tarjeta de pasaporte. 15 aà ±os o menos: mismas tarifas que cuando se aplica por primera vez Costos extra en la solicitud del pasaporte: Tarifa por tramitacià ³n urgente: $60Tarifa por entrega en por mensajerà ­a urgente: $16,48 Este à ºltimo servicio solo es posible dentro de Estados Unidos. No est disponible para tarjetas de pasaporte. Formularios para solicitar el pasaporte Menores de 15 aà ±os o menos: DS-11, para solicitar por primera vez y renovar16 aà ±os o ms: DS-11 para solicitar por primera vez, DS-82 para renovar Quà © hacer cuando el pasaporte no llega Puede suceder que la demora entre dentro de los plazos normales, ya que hay gran diferencia si se sigue el procedimiento ordinario o si se paga para una tramitacià ³n urgente. Pero tambià ©n puede suceder que se extravà ­e por correo. En este caso, es necesario reportar esta incidencia para que las autoridades vuelvan a emitir otro sin coste alguno. Documentacià ³n para el cruce de fronteras Una vez que se tiene el pasaporte, à ©ste es el mejor documento para que un ciudadano americano cruce fronteras, no sà ³lo las de otros paà ­ses, sino tambià ©n para salir y regresar a los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, en algunos casos muy limitados el pasaporte no es necesario y se admiten otras alternativas para ingresar a Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, la mejor opcià ³n siempre es el pasaporte o, en su caso, la tarjeta de pasaporte. Tambià ©n es importante tener en cuenta quà © documentacià ³n se puede pedir cuando un infante viaja internacionalmente sin estar acompaà ±ado por sus dos padres. Finalmente, antes de viajar a otro paà ­s, verificar la fecha de expiracià ³n del pasaporte, ya que los de los nià ±os expiran a los cinco aà ±os si se emitieron antes de cumplir 16 aà ±os de edad. Si ya habà ­an cumplido dicho edad, los pasaportes son vlidos por 10 aà ±os.   Adems, verificar  si se necesita visa para el paà ­s al que se va a viajar. Este artà ­culo es sà ³lo informativo. No es consejo legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Case Study - Essay Example The operations manager is therefore supposed to work towards these objectives. For a company in the business of customs gear business, it is very important to; i. Provide a cost effective solution to the customer, as the gears are required for a pre-defined task for fulfilling the customer’s needs. A custom made product of course costs more than a product available off the shelf. But it certainly doesn’t mean that Eastern Gears Inc starts charging rates high enough for customer to be dissuaded for their second and subsequent dealings with the company. ii. Flexibility in operations according to the market demand or customer preferences is a prerequisite for any business to survive. It is the market force which ultimately decides the demand of the company and its product. Flexibility in a Gear business is of particular importance as it calls for a range of adjustments in the molding, casting and finalizing the product. A T Kearney (2004), a company that formulates strategic plans, states that Flexibility in general calls for extra capacity and inventory, which appears to be unlikely at present in case of Eastern Gear. As the company has already experienced in the past, customers often come out with request for changes many times after placing the order, Eastern Gear Inc will therefore have to be ready for such an eventuality, with as high flexibility as possible, provided it doesn’t become pain in the neck for the company. This becomes all the more crucial for large order business, as they are the one’s who provide mo re business to the company. iii. Delivery schedules are meant for being adhered to. Customers prefer to have realistic deadlines from the company. Eastern Gear Inc. has been experiencing some difficulties in meeting the delivery schedules owing to some complex procedures. But the company has also been able to meet

Development, experience and completition of distance learning course Essay

Development, experience and completition of distance learning course - Essay Example Distance learning broadens ones capacity of thought and it helps one to have the zeal to find out knowledge and meet concepts individually. Throughout this program, knowledge gained was through observation, experimentations, research, and experimentations. For application of knowledge, one had to be keen on observation to ascertain the truth value of existing knowledge because not all knowledge is necessarily. Observation was of great help since they aided one to have a clear insight of the real world in relation to the theoretical knowledge. There was also a broader experimentation of various phenomena. The experimentation method helped one to be sure and to prove true or disapprove the hypothesis that were covered the common knowledge. This also helps in distinguishing fallacies and general knowledge which have not been verified. In most cases, one had to conduct research to find out the cause and effects of certain phenomena so as to come up with effective conclusions and deductio n. Also, experiences that one gained from interacting with various issues and challenges also helped one to unlearn the previous knowledge and to learn new ones. All these experiences and concepts defined one journey of learning throughout the entire period of the distance learning program. Throughout this period, ones performance was not good throughout. At some point the performance was good and at other times, the performance was averagely low but at the end of the entire program the overall performance was marked by distinction. This was because of one’s capability of adapting to the system and one’s ability to adjust to the environment and to the course requirements. There were times when there were courses which required one to carry out laboratory tests and some required one to conduct research. In the event that one was to be at the laboratory to conduct the experiments, it was difficult to make clear observation and to draw the right conclusion as there was no body to offer explanation to what was going on. Research that needed one to go to the community to find out the aspects of various phenomena also was marked with various challenges. This is because the community was not ready to give proper information and those who did gave irrelevant information that led to an irrelevant conclusion. This impacted negatively on the overall outcome of the result. However, studies which required observation and the critical analysis of books and just the general study of concepts were of great advantage to my performance. It was a great experience to read through books and to learn new concepts that were brought forth. These conceptions helped in dealing with the fallacies and the misconception that the society has had for a long time. The tangibility of the knowledge gained through literature enabled one to be a student of high aptitude and acuity of performance. For learning to be effective, it has to be maintained, retained, and one has to continu e with the search of knowledge. To enable one achieve these, one has to study widely. It is through study that one’s knowledge and concepts get challenged. Wide reading helps one to have different perspectives and approached towards something. This gives one the authority to speak on an issue from an open minded view. Wide study also keeps one relevant to the changing times, for example, science keeps on

Rhetorical Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical Situation - Essay Example So, different writers write best in different environments. However, there are some similarities among these writers. They are acquire new ideas for writing. Moreover, they are also good readers of their own work especially when revising. Through these, they shape their writing styles and gain more experience as well. I different writers work best in different environment and time They say all writers write with a thought in mind that somebody will read their work. Experienced writers normally consider audience as one of the most crucial factors when compiling their works. They do this by keeping the audience in their minds and using language and tone accordingly. Inexperienced writers, on the other hand, write as if they do not expect other people to go through their work. When talking of audience, there are two types; an individual whom the writer may or may not know and a group that may include several people whom the writer does not know. The two audiences are particular audience and universal audiences. I say audience is a crucial factor for any writer. This is the motive or aim that a writer always hopes to accomplish through writing. Some of these aims are: amusing people, discovering oneself, conveying information, exploring ideas and evaluating something. However, the primary aim of all writers is to persuade readers. Writers normally begin with one topic and narrow it down. For instance a writer writing about abortion may narrow it down to effects of abortion. This is meant to give the readers more detailed information concerning some parts of the topic. Entering into a conversation is whereby a writer reads about a certain topic, understands the concepts and controversies that relates to that particular topic. The writer then becomes aware of a large communication going on. Therefore, he or she begins to see his or her own place in the conversation. He discovers his own ideas and stance on

The Rule of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Rule of Law - Essay Example Nevertheless, under all contexts that the concept of the Rule of Law should be applied, it anticipates two major aspects; fairness and equality. The meaning of the Rule of Law can be broken down into different contexts, where the first two contexts adheres to the proposition by Webley & Samuels, 2012, that â€Å"The rule of law is a doctrine†, while the third context in which the Rule of Law can derive its meaning, is pitched on the other proposition by Webley & Samuels, 2012, that â€Å"The rule of law is a theory†. Thus, the Rule of Law can be applied in the first context to mean â€Å"according to the law†. Under this context, the Rule of Law is then applied to mean that no individual, regardless of the social status or the position of power they hold in the society, can be subject to a form of punishment that is not in accordance with laws that are well established and clearly and procedurally defined3. This context of the application of the rule of law there fore means that any criminal charges leveled against an entity, be it an individual, a group or an organization must be in line with laws that are well-established and which are clearly understood by the entity, and whose procedure is well known. Therefore, this context of the law anticipates the application of the law to be aligned with the existing doctrines. This prevents an individual or an entity from being punished for any violation that is not punishable by the law4. Relevant case: Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville, 405 U.S. 156, 92 S. Ct. 839, 31 L. Ed. 2d 110 [1972] The Papachristou v. Jacksonville is case in relation to a vagrancy ordinance enacted by the city of Jacksonville in Florida State, where the law prohibited a large form of freelance activities, which included strolling, wandering and moving from place to place, without any lawful intent or object5. The defendant, Papachristou, was among eight other individuals that were arrested and charged with vagrancy in a court of law in Jacksonville, city, for disorderly loitering. Upon an appeal in the United States Supreme Court, the court declared that the Jacksonville ordinance was largely vague constitutionally, since the ordinance did not create any distinction between the illegal and the innocent activities, thus could end-up criminalizing innocent movement activities such as walking at night or habitual movement which had no visible intent5. This vagueness granted the police arbitrary powers to determine which activities they would interpret as lawful, and which ones to declare innocent, following the lack of well-established laws, which are clearly understood by the entity, and whose procedure is well known5. The Supreme Court therefore held that the defendant would not be criminally liable, under such vague law. The second context under which the rule of law can be confidently applied is to mean; â€Å"rule under the law†6. Here, the concept of the Rule of Law would therefore mean that no one is above the law, and thus no one has the freedom to apply law arbitrarily, even when such an entity is the one formulating such laws. Therefore, the second context of the rule of law anticipates that all individuals and entities will be subjected to equal treatment by the law, and thus no one can be favored, and no one can be prejudiced by the same law, regardless of

Goals and Objectives of the Department of Homeland Security Essay

Goals and Objectives of the Department of Homeland Security - Essay Example The department is lead by Secretary Jeh Johnson who was given the leadership position during the period of 2013 and is recognized as the fourth individual to hold the position (Design, 2014). He has profound amount of experience in providing services in relation to securing the nation and enforcing the laws as well as practicing as a private attorney. He had previously held key positions to defend the nations. He was even employed as the Air Force department’s general counsel as well as assistant to the attorney of US for the southern district of the region of New York. There are seven assistant secretaries for the department including the assistant secretary of policy, foreign affairs, strategic management, and private sector. The main secretary is Alan Bersin who has been employed as an acting secretary for the office of policy making (Design, 2014). There are a total of 17 different directorates, offices as well as agencies that are a portion of the DHS. These include UCIS which serves the purpose of assisting those who want to migrate to the United States (Dhs.gov, 2014). CBP was created with the purpose of ensuring that terrorist as well as their warheads remained outside the soil of the United States. USCG was created to ensure the protection of the maritime region and practices of the United States (Dhs.gov, 2014). FEMA was created with the purpose of helping in improving the ability of the nation from protecting itself from any form of hazard. FLETC was created to train and develop the professionals of the law enforcement arena. ICE was created to ensure that the laws and regulations of the nations that were created regarding the border were being followed (Dhs.gov, 2014).

Place Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Place Marketing - Essay Example 45). The pictures presented to the fans are a true reflection of the occurrences during the games. For instance, one issue that affected a live match was the racially abusing of the black players especially those with a dark skin color. It posed a challenge for the organizers and even some of the players threatened to pull out. The poster covers the issues of fan trouble by having pictures of the fans trying to support their teams while they are half naked. In fact, fan trouble was caused by flares especially games to which the host team won or even equalized. The effect of the behaviors is represented in the poster by the addition of the different pictures of the poster. The poster presents both the success and failure of the organization while also handling the success of the host in handling the whole situation perfectly. The failure of the poster to bring out the details of the success and failures can be attributed to the focus of the author (Benioff, 2012, p. 67). The focus on the poster is about racism and the success achieved by hosting the continental games in Ukraine and Poland. This success can be seen on the poster by looking at the pictures associated with the poster which is limited to the hosting of the Euro games in 2012. Fabrication versus realism The poster focuses on the life in Cardiff city especially the nightlife. The distinction between reality and a fallacy in relation to drinking is the focus of the poster. The negative impact of drinking is depicted in the poster by the picture of the lady extremely drunk and lying next to a garbage dump. The picture explains the impact of nightlife culture (Beverly and Thomson, 2011, p. 78). According to poster, a distinction between realism and fabrication must be done otherwise the night life in Cardiff will be associated with over-drinking and negative public behavior such as urinating in public, indecency, and having a black-out in a public area. I believe that the picture may be sending a wrong m essage to others who has visited the city. Therefore, the authenticity of the story may not be easily understood by other audience. The failure to research and develop a conclusive result indicates the fallacy of generalization, which may cause a serious problem to the city image (Dagron and Tufte, 2006, p. 89). Bad behavior is an individual choice and not a social choice. Therefore, bad behavior should not be used to create a negative image about a place or city. The city should not be viewed as a benchmark of a certain behavior, but the individuals therein. I think that for a city to be evaluated on the basis of resident behavior, it must cover over 80% of the population. The facts on the issue must be clearly stated because it is the basis of the argument. I the society today, several prefabrications have been done as marketing or social control system. However, all these conclusions may be a fabrication. For instance, the association of rats with cheese is wrong because in reali ty, mice do not like cheese. Consequently, the association of drinking with negative behavior is wrong because it indicates a grand scale fabrication. Acceptable Face of the Past? National image is developed based on the past occurrences or events that can be associated with the country. One of the images associated with Wales is the National Eisteddfod which is considered acceptable face of the past. The past

The Rule of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Rule of Law - Essay Example Nevertheless, under all contexts that the concept of the Rule of Law should be applied, it anticipates two major aspects; fairness and equality. The meaning of the Rule of Law can be broken down into different contexts, where the first two contexts adheres to the proposition by Webley & Samuels, 2012, that â€Å"The rule of law is a doctrine†, while the third context in which the Rule of Law can derive its meaning, is pitched on the other proposition by Webley & Samuels, 2012, that â€Å"The rule of law is a theory†. Thus, the Rule of Law can be applied in the first context to mean â€Å"according to the law†. Under this context, the Rule of Law is then applied to mean that no individual, regardless of the social status or the position of power they hold in the society, can be subject to a form of punishment that is not in accordance with laws that are well established and clearly and procedurally defined3. This context of the application of the rule of law there fore means that any criminal charges leveled against an entity, be it an individual, a group or an organization must be in line with laws that are well-established and which are clearly understood by the entity, and whose procedure is well known. Therefore, this context of the law anticipates the application of the law to be aligned with the existing doctrines. This prevents an individual or an entity from being punished for any violation that is not punishable by the law4. Relevant case: Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville, 405 U.S. 156, 92 S. Ct. 839, 31 L. Ed. 2d 110 [1972] The Papachristou v. Jacksonville is case in relation to a vagrancy ordinance enacted by the city of Jacksonville in Florida State, where the law prohibited a large form of freelance activities, which included strolling, wandering and moving from place to place, without any lawful intent or object5. The defendant, Papachristou, was among eight other individuals that were arrested and charged with vagrancy in a court of law in Jacksonville, city, for disorderly loitering. Upon an appeal in the United States Supreme Court, the court declared that the Jacksonville ordinance was largely vague constitutionally, since the ordinance did not create any distinction between the illegal and the innocent activities, thus could end-up criminalizing innocent movement activities such as walking at night or habitual movement which had no visible intent5. This vagueness granted the police arbitrary powers to determine which activities they would interpret as lawful, and which ones to declare innocent, following the lack of well-established laws, which are clearly understood by the entity, and whose procedure is well known5. The Supreme Court therefore held that the defendant would not be criminally liable, under such vague law. The second context under which the rule of law can be confidently applied is to mean; â€Å"rule under the law†6. Here, the concept of the Rule of Law would therefore mean that no one is above the law, and thus no one has the freedom to apply law arbitrarily, even when such an entity is the one formulating such laws. Therefore, the second context of the rule of law anticipates that all individuals and entities will be subjected to equal treatment by the law, and thus no one can be favored, and no one can be prejudiced by the same law, regardless of

Place Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Place Marketing - Essay Example 45). The pictures presented to the fans are a true reflection of the occurrences during the games. For instance, one issue that affected a live match was the racially abusing of the black players especially those with a dark skin color. It posed a challenge for the organizers and even some of the players threatened to pull out. The poster covers the issues of fan trouble by having pictures of the fans trying to support their teams while they are half naked. In fact, fan trouble was caused by flares especially games to which the host team won or even equalized. The effect of the behaviors is represented in the poster by the addition of the different pictures of the poster. The poster presents both the success and failure of the organization while also handling the success of the host in handling the whole situation perfectly. The failure of the poster to bring out the details of the success and failures can be attributed to the focus of the author (Benioff, 2012, p. 67). The focus on the poster is about racism and the success achieved by hosting the continental games in Ukraine and Poland. This success can be seen on the poster by looking at the pictures associated with the poster which is limited to the hosting of the Euro games in 2012. Fabrication versus realism The poster focuses on the life in Cardiff city especially the nightlife. The distinction between reality and a fallacy in relation to drinking is the focus of the poster. The negative impact of drinking is depicted in the poster by the picture of the lady extremely drunk and lying next to a garbage dump. The picture explains the impact of nightlife culture (Beverly and Thomson, 2011, p. 78). According to poster, a distinction between realism and fabrication must be done otherwise the night life in Cardiff will be associated with over-drinking and negative public behavior such as urinating in public, indecency, and having a black-out in a public area. I believe that the picture may be sending a wrong m essage to others who has visited the city. Therefore, the authenticity of the story may not be easily understood by other audience. The failure to research and develop a conclusive result indicates the fallacy of generalization, which may cause a serious problem to the city image (Dagron and Tufte, 2006, p. 89). Bad behavior is an individual choice and not a social choice. Therefore, bad behavior should not be used to create a negative image about a place or city. The city should not be viewed as a benchmark of a certain behavior, but the individuals therein. I think that for a city to be evaluated on the basis of resident behavior, it must cover over 80% of the population. The facts on the issue must be clearly stated because it is the basis of the argument. I the society today, several prefabrications have been done as marketing or social control system. However, all these conclusions may be a fabrication. For instance, the association of rats with cheese is wrong because in reali ty, mice do not like cheese. Consequently, the association of drinking with negative behavior is wrong because it indicates a grand scale fabrication. Acceptable Face of the Past? National image is developed based on the past occurrences or events that can be associated with the country. One of the images associated with Wales is the National Eisteddfod which is considered acceptable face of the past. The past

The Power of Persuasion Essay Example for Free

The Power of Persuasion Essay I. â€Å"If you would persuade, you must appeal to interest rather than intellect.† These are wise words spoken by Benjamin Franklin, whom we all know for his roles in American History as a writer, scientist and politician. II. In this quote, Benjamin Franklin speaks of how to persuade. But why would it be important to know how to persuade? III. I always have to ask my child to pick up his toys after he done playing with them and my husband to take out the trash. Of course, they never want to do it so I must persuade them into doing so. At some point in life, we all have to persuade someone into doing something. IV. Tonight, I will tell you about the how powerful persuasion is, techniques for persuasion, how to not be persuaded. Body I. One could say that most of the things that people do, they do them on their own free will. Up to certain point this is true; many individuals act and do things based upon their needs and wants, others need to be persuaded, or if you will, motivated into doing something. a.Persuasion is a skill that most business people such as, marketers, salespeople and advertisers must have or acquire in order to succeed in today’s business world. b.For example, a company like launches a new line of hair care products that promise to do wonders for your hair, but you have been using a type of shampoo and conditioner for as long as you can remember, because it works for your hair. c. You have developed brand loyalty for these products and probably you wouldn’t think of changing to a new line of products. d. But this company’s campaign and offers of free samples for you to try are so alluring that you decide to try and after trying you decide to switch. e.You have not only been persuaded to change products, but your perception of the products you used for years has also changed. (Transition: This case illustrates one of the â€Å"six basic tendencies of human behavior that Robert B. Cialdini mentions In his article â€Å"The Science of Persuasion†, published in the Scientific America: Mind magazine in 2001.) II. The following tendencies play an important role in the decision making process of an individual and lead to the use of persuasion techniques based on each of them are: a.Reciprocation: one could also refer to this as â€Å"quid pro quo† or â€Å"this for that.† Most individuals agree to do or contribute to a number of things if they see a profit or a benefit from it in most cases, in other cases they might do it just for goodwill. Technique: Free samples at food stores, free at home inspections from exterminators, free workout sessions with gym membership. Customers are exposed to the product or service and also indebted. b.Consistency: â€Å"public commitments, even seemingly minor ones, direct future actions.† Technique: Restaurants ask customers who make reservations to call and cancel if they have a change of plans. This simple request asks the customers to make a public commitment. c.Social validation: society has also an impact on an individual’s actions and decisions, because actions and tendencies that have a positive impact in society are most likely to be replicated. Technique: A fund raiser shows home owners a list of the neighbors that contributed to the building of a new library; the longer the list, the greater the effect. d.Liking: â€Å"people prefer to say yes to those they like† Whether a product, an individual or an organization, individuals tend to act and make decisions upon what they like. Technique: Companies that offer at home parties like Tupperware, Mary Kay and Pampered Chef are a success because people buy from a familiar person â€Å"a liked friend† rather than an unknown salesperson. e.Authority: â€Å"we usually want the opinions of true authorities. Their insights help us choose quickly and well.† One could say that this tendency goes hand to hand with social validation and recognition. The opinions of those who have dedicated years to study and explore a specific filed often influence an individual’s decision. Technique: Phrases like â€Å"Four out of five doctors recommend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Dentists’ favorite toothpaste†¦Ã¢â‚¬  attempt to harness the power of authority. f.Scarcity: â€Å"a great deal of evidence shows that items and opportunities become more desirable to us as they become unavailable† Technique: Often in store one sees â€Å"limited time† and â€Å"limited supplies† offers but in most of these occasions, this is nothing more than a marketing strategy. (Transition: These tendencies and techniques can persuade individual into doing or acquiring a number of things.) II. Unfortunately, there are some people who use unethical persuasion techniques. Some of these are: a. The â€Å"by all means necessary† approach to obtain the results they want; they usually violate businesses ethic codes. b.An example of these are the well known pyramid scheme, vapor advertising (advertising of a product that does not exist) and scams, all of these are based upon making individuals buy or commit to do things they wouldn’t normally buy or do. c.Another well known form of persuasion is â€Å"peer pressure.† d.It is possible that at some point in one’s life, one has done something due to peer pressure. e.This is commonly seen among high school and college students where one of the needs of the students is to be liked and socially recognized on campus. f.It can also be seen within organization; among employees. g.A moderate amount of peer pressure can be beneficiary for an individual when it motivates the individuals to act toward becoming a better student, employee, or just a better person in general. h.Peer pressure can be dangerous when the only goal is to be socially accepted; in this case most individuals would do â€Å"whatever it takes† to be accepted. Conclusion Persuasion is a powerful tool that can be used to motivate individuals to do good things for society and for themselves, but it can also be used to do harm. Based on the tendencies upon which people act and make decisions, it is up to the individual to determine when and how they allow themselves to be persuaded, because as strong and powerful as persuasion can be, there is also another powerful tool that individuals tend to lean on when they have to make a decision and that is intuition.

Development Of A Digital Diary Project

Development Of A Digital Diary Project Maintaining information about the person has been troublesome business for mankind lately as he was being introduced to hundred of new persons in his day to day life. Compiling information about the students in a school and college might be really a rarely willing job. Our project aims to those jobs for maintaining information of the people so we named it as a Digital Diary project. As soon as the program is being executed user just need to follow the instruction and have the information entered to the software then software manage the information being entered and save them for the future reference of the user. Though lots of information management software is presently available in market, this is the initial step and would be updated in the days to come. Introduction: Computer is an advanced/modern electronic device, which takes raw data as input then processes these data as per given instruction then gives output (result) and store in for the future references. It is also a problem-solving machine, which can processes both numerical and non numerical information. It is a totally user dependent device. It has no its own brain. So it cannot think its own. C is the general purpose, structured programming language of computer consisting of terms that resemble algebraic expressions. Designed as other high level structured programming languages such as Pascal and Fortran, C has got additional features that allows it to be used at a lower level computer languages. This flexibility let the C be featured as system programmer or applications programmer. C is characterized by the ability to write very concise source programs which are virus free in nature so the programmed designed in C language has got purity and perfection. Though with the help of small instruction and extensive library functions enhance the basic instruction and encourage its user to write additional library function on their own. Such A programming language code has been adapted for the effectual running of our program, Digital Diary. Digital Diary aims for the storage of the personnel details. This Diary helps as the remainder of person name his/her home address, phone number, email address etc. People gives propriety to looks now a days so a bit of graphics has been added to the content rather than making old fashioned black n white look. Every single effort has been done to add aura to the program and to attract lots of users as possible. As been discussed this program is being build in C laboratory or C program so it doesnt consist of any viruses that may effect the computer but is 100% free from those harming worms and bugs. With the help of this program people can save all his/her friends group and contact for the future references. Objectives and Scopes The few objectives of this program are listed as follows: Main objectives of this program is to aid users from memorizing all those names of owns contact address. Users can easily add the contact detail in the program so have increase efficiency in the user working procedure. To minimize the work loads of office personnel in school, colleges and offices by letting them get rid of the problem of memorizing the piles name of students or coustomers. To convey message to software developing companies about the potential of software developers in Nepal. As Loads of software are present currently for managing the database system but those software are bulky and occupies large amount of storage disk size and are tedious and need trained man power for effective use but the Digital Dairy designed by us is very much simple and cost low disk space and unskilled man power with nominal knowledge of English can accomplish thorough the program. So the office needing customized type software can easily have these software installed for their management. Methodology: Preliminarily we have done survey through out the Kathmandu valley to know about the colleges and schools who might required our software being installed and found lots of colleges having their own MS Access designed management software and for the database management. But some school near remote areas till this date have been using the old fashioned database management so we aim our project to those remote schools and have planned to develop this software. Then we started making basic workflow plan for effective completion of the project. We made the system analysis and designed basic framework to aid in our work. We then started the job of coding of the program for overall management of database of persons which include name of the person, address of the person, his/her email id and telephone number, roll no or reference number. Options like searching the required database by strings were made into effect in the program for easy location of the database of the person. Option like adding and deleting record along with modification option were present in the program for effective availability. Though the coding was done, there were lots of errors in the program, so for the tracking of the bugs in the program debugging were done and then tested for multiple times till the desired output is obtained. When testing and debugging were done the program was finally ready to be used or being distributed. Task to be completed Duration System Analysis 2 days Designing 1 week Coding 1 week Testing and Debugging 3 days Expected Output As for the title suggest, this Digital Diary supports for the proper maintaining of the database. It helps the user to have full record of the people he has been with along with their contact address, phone numbers, email id and reference number. This program also helps in inbuilt search for the required data base. The expected output here is being discussed along with some screenshots of the program. Initially after the program is being executed it shows the name of the institution using it along with the address of the institution. Below the Name of the institution it publishes the name of the publishers followed by list of software developers. When we enter any key the page would be executed to the second page where option are being given using switch system. Option for add remove, modify, search, list are being executed here. The database management page would appear as follows. Here name, roll no, Faculty, telephone number, address email id would be printed. Through which we have to pass the value. Every time after adding contact the confirmation dialogue will be appeared asking for continuing or else. Conclusion This project is based upon C programming so we had add our best effort to implement all the knowledge we have gained so far in C programming. Working on this project had enhanced our knowledge and skills in C and will surely help us in future. Thus, we hope Digital Diary be a great success.

RU-486 - The Debate Continues :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

RU-486 - The Debate Continues Professor’s comment: I am excited to submit this research paper to 123HelpMe. It will provide an excellent model for other students. This student wisely sidesteps the emotional â€Å"Abortion: Pro or Con?† element, focusing narrowly on RU-486, the so-called abortion pill. She draws our attention primarily to scientific and medical controversy, with forays into history, politics, and economics, drawing attention to facts instead of emotional or personal appeals. Her research and careful approach challenge the assumption that pro-choice must favor legalization and antiabortion must oppose it. She helps us to see RU-486 as a separate issue with specific benefits and drawbacks, making her own nicely balanced contribution to the controversy. Picture yourself as a sixteen-year-old girl. Your friends and family used to describe you as happy, vivacious, and carefree. But as you have been awaiting your period, now two weeks overdue, you have become sullen and agitated with worry. Two more weeks go by and you buy a home pregnancy test. You perform the test only to find out what you already know. It doesn’t really matter how you got pregnant—the condom tore, your boyfriend lied about pulling out, you forgot to take your birth control pills—it just matters that you are and you don’t want to be. To complicate matters, let’s say that you are from a strict Catholic family with very devout parents, and you cannot possibly bring yourself to talk to them about it. After a few weeks of seemingly endless painful deliberation that you thought you would never have to endure, you have your best friend take you to an abortion clinic. Picketers block the front door to the clinic carrying signs that read â €Å"Abortion = Murder.† Before you can even begin to process the words on the signs, your best friend grabs you by the arm and pulls you past the crowd and into the small lobby of the clinic. Expecting an ordinary doctor’s office waiting room, you are unsettled by the unfamiliarity of the stark dà ©cor. The lobby is nothing but an entryway with a front desk encapsulated by bulletproof glass. While checking in you speak to the receptionist through a hole in the glass, as though you are paying for gasoline at a station after midnight. Now more than ever you feel scared and alone. Since the legalization of surgical abortions in 1973, this has become a common scenario for women seeking to terminate a pregnancy.

Women Online :: Internet Feminist Technology Essays

Women Online Is it better to be a woman online or a man online? Which sex is more respected? Do women have better conversations then men or is it the other way around? Can women participate in a debate with men and still be heard? Are women being treated equally online in comparison to their male counterparts? These are some of the questions that are asked in the articles of Dale Spender and Laura Miller. Dale Spenders article entitled Gender-Bending, and Laura Millers article entitled Women and Children First: Gender and the Settling of the Electronic Frontier. In which the two female authors give their opinions about the good side and bad side of being a woman online. In Dale Spenders article she describes how womens behaviors alter depending on if they are talking to a man or a woman. Their behaviors alter by the terms and tones they use to their posture/demeanor and weather or not eye contact is made. Spender observed such behavior in a study she preformed. When a man entered a conversation uninvited women would automatically give him the floor, as was to be expected. But what wasnt expected was that women would change the way they were sitting and they would look up to him rather then down. In another experiment a baby was handed to a group of women with its sex unidentified. When the sex was identified as a female the baby was held closely and tightly. The females heads were bent down and they spoke quietly and soothingly to the baby. When the women where told that a mistake was made that the baby was in fact a boy the behavior altered. At some points the baby was almost dropped when the women changed the way the baby was being held. The baby was held further away and was bounced up and down. The womens tone changed from soothing to loud and robust. The child was also raised to eye-level when talked to. Even in the case of babies Spender believes that all of our words, actions, and body language are gender-loaded(71). She believes that only when we know the sex of who we are talking to can we actually conduct a conversation. Due to these studies and experiments Spender came to the conclusion that the only way to gain respect is to be a man. Not only when we are young but in writing and conversation.

Library Assignment

ENGL 111 English Composition Statewide Online Course Library Assignment IvyTilt Activity 1 Getting Started HINT: Instead of printing out this document, view it online. That way you can click on the embedded links to go to the various links and tutorials. Before starting these activities, be sure your computer has Macromedia Flash Player and Adobe Shockwave installed. Most Ivy Tech regions have access to the main Virtual Library screens, but if there is a problem accessing your local library, you may be able to access material discussed and assigned below through the Central Indiana Library page more reliably. Also read  Modules 9 & 10That address is: http://wwwcc. ivytech. edu/library/central-indiana/index. html IvyTilt Activity 1—Tutorials 1, 2, and 6 For this first library assignment, you will complete three IvyTilt modules. Go to the IvyTilt website at http://faculty. ivytech. edu/~smclaugh/ivytilt/choice. html and select the three modules you are going to do for Activity 1.1. Starting Smart (Module 1)—This tutorial is an introduction to using the Virtual Library. Review it carefully so you understand the terms that will be used in later modules.2.Choosing a Topic (Module 2)—This tutorial will help you create workable topics for searches and later writing. Remember—a good topic is not found; it is developed.3. Citing Sources (Module 6)—Never mind modules 3, 4, and 5 for now. Jump to Module 6 and get some insight into how to cite a borrowed idea in the body of your paper and how to list the source of that idea at the end of your paper. At the end of each module is a brief quiz. The quizzes are self-assessments to see how well you have mastered the information in the tutorial.You should take the quizzes for Modules 1, 2, and 6 and copy and paste the results page for each quiz into a file on your computer once you have scored at least 90% on each quiz. Please note that the library server does NOT keep copies of your quiz results and the library quiz does NOT link directly to Blackboard. You must COPY & PASTE each results page into a file on your computer in order to submit the completed quizzes to your instructor. If you score less than 90% on any of the three quizzes, review the tutorial and retake the quiz for that module.Do not submit a quiz if your score is below 90%, but review the material until you better understand the material and can score at least 90%. Quizzes with scores of less than 90% will not receive credit. How to submit the quizzes to your instructor:  ·Collect the results of the three quizzes using COPY & PAS TE.  ·Collect your results in one file and name your file something like: â€Å"IvyTilt_1_Mynamehere. † Be sure your name is in the file name. Do not use symbols like # in the file name.  ·Submit the file via the â€Å"Library Assignment—Ivy Tilt Activity 1† link for this assignment in Session 3.For detailed instructions on how to submit your file using this link see the â€Å"Student Guide to Blackboard† by clicking on the â€Å"Start Here† tab on the left, and then clicking on â€Å"Step 3: Help with Blackboard & Technology† link, and then clicking on the â€Å"Blackboard Student Guide† attachment.  ·Once your file is submitted, you will see a green exclamation mark for Library Activity 1 under â€Å"My Grades. † This exclamation mark will change to a score after your instructor grades your assignment.  ·All quizzes are due no later than the end of Session 3. Scoring: 3 quizzes with scores 90% or higher|10 points| qui zzes with scores 90% or higher|7 points| 1 quiz with score 90% or higher|4 points| 0 quizzes with score 90% or higher|0 points| Additional Library Information and Practice Review the following websites for further information about citation in MLA and/or APA style. Bookmark pages that are useful to you: http://library. albany. edu/usered/cite/index. html This site provides general information on APA and MLA style and instructions on how to use â€Å"Citation Generators† effectively. http://owl. english. purdue. edu/ The Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) offers a searchable index that can help with MLA and APA manuscript styles.The links for manuscript styles are in the upper right zone of that page. http://wwwcc. ivytech. edu/shared/shared_hlibrarycc/Images/VL_Live/clip1_fin. html View the captured-screen video that introduces the Virtual Library sign-in and opening page. You should plan to sign into and use the Virtual Library as a regular part of your work for this class. http://library. acadiau. ca/tutorials/plagiarism/ This interactive and fun tutorial from the Vaughan Memorial Library at Acadia University walks you through specific examples of documenting sources and avoiding plagiarism with your student companions Dylan, Emma, Tyler, and Maiko. Library Assignment ENGL 111 English Composition Statewide Online Course Library Assignment IvyTilt Activity 1 Getting Started HINT: Instead of printing out this document, view it online. That way you can click on the embedded links to go to the various links and tutorials. Before starting these activities, be sure your computer has Macromedia Flash Player and Adobe Shockwave installed. Most Ivy Tech regions have access to the main Virtual Library screens, but if there is a problem accessing your local library, you may be able to access material discussed and assigned below through the Central Indiana Library page more reliably. Also read  Modules 9 & 10That address is: http://wwwcc. ivytech. edu/library/central-indiana/index. html IvyTilt Activity 1—Tutorials 1, 2, and 6 For this first library assignment, you will complete three IvyTilt modules. Go to the IvyTilt website at http://faculty. ivytech. edu/~smclaugh/ivytilt/choice. html and select the three modules you are going to do for Activity 1.1. Starting Smart (Module 1)—This tutorial is an introduction to using the Virtual Library. Review it carefully so you understand the terms that will be used in later modules.2.Choosing a Topic (Module 2)—This tutorial will help you create workable topics for searches and later writing. Remember—a good topic is not found; it is developed.3. Citing Sources (Module 6)—Never mind modules 3, 4, and 5 for now. Jump to Module 6 and get some insight into how to cite a borrowed idea in the body of your paper and how to list the source of that idea at the end of your paper. At the end of each module is a brief quiz. The quizzes are self-assessments to see how well you have mastered the information in the tutorial.You should take the quizzes for Modules 1, 2, and 6 and copy and paste the results page for each quiz into a file on your computer once you have scored at least 90% on each quiz. Please note that the library server does NOT keep copies of your quiz results and the library quiz does NOT link directly to Blackboard. You must COPY & PASTE each results page into a file on your computer in order to submit the completed quizzes to your instructor. If you score less than 90% on any of the three quizzes, review the tutorial and retake the quiz for that module.Do not submit a quiz if your score is below 90%, but review the material until you better understand the material and can score at least 90%. Quizzes with scores of less than 90% will not receive credit. How to submit the quizzes to your instructor:  ·Collect the results of the three quizzes using COPY & PAS TE.  ·Collect your results in one file and name your file something like: â€Å"IvyTilt_1_Mynamehere. † Be sure your name is in the file name. Do not use symbols like # in the file name.  ·Submit the file via the â€Å"Library Assignment—Ivy Tilt Activity 1† link for this assignment in Session 3.For detailed instructions on how to submit your file using this link see the â€Å"Student Guide to Blackboard† by clicking on the â€Å"Start Here† tab on the left, and then clicking on â€Å"Step 3: Help with Blackboard & Technology† link, and then clicking on the â€Å"Blackboard Student Guide† attachment.  ·Once your file is submitted, you will see a green exclamation mark for Library Activity 1 under â€Å"My Grades. † This exclamation mark will change to a score after your instructor grades your assignment.  ·All quizzes are due no later than the end of Session 3. Scoring: 3 quizzes with scores 90% or higher|10 points| qui zzes with scores 90% or higher|7 points| 1 quiz with score 90% or higher|4 points| 0 quizzes with score 90% or higher|0 points| Additional Library Information and Practice Review the following websites for further information about citation in MLA and/or APA style. Bookmark pages that are useful to you: http://library. albany. edu/usered/cite/index. html This site provides general information on APA and MLA style and instructions on how to use â€Å"Citation Generators† effectively. http://owl. english. purdue. edu/ The Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) offers a searchable index that can help with MLA and APA manuscript styles.The links for manuscript styles are in the upper right zone of that page. http://wwwcc. ivytech. edu/shared/shared_hlibrarycc/Images/VL_Live/clip1_fin. html View the captured-screen video that introduces the Virtual Library sign-in and opening page. You should plan to sign into and use the Virtual Library as a regular part of your work for this class. http://library. acadiau. ca/tutorials/plagiarism/ This interactive and fun tutorial from the Vaughan Memorial Library at Acadia University walks you through specific examples of documenting sources and avoiding plagiarism with your student companions Dylan, Emma, Tyler, and Maiko.

Morton Handley Case Study

Morton & Handley Case Study a. What are the four most fundamental factors that affect the cost of money, or the general level of interest rates, in the economy? The four most fundamental factors that affect the cost of money are: production opportunities, time of consumption, risk and inflation. The interest rate given to savers is based on: the rate of return on invested capital, savers time preferences for current versus future consumption, the riskiness of the loan, the expected future rate of inflation. High inflation and high risk will result in high interest rates. b. What is the real risk-free rate of interest (r*) and the nominal risk-free rate (rRF)? How are these two rates measured? The real risk-free rate of interest is the rate that would exist on default-free securities when there is no inflation. The nominal risk-free rate is equal to the real risk-free rate plus an inflation premium. The inflation premium is equal to the average expected inflation rate over the life of the security into the rate they charge. These rates are measured in percentages. . Define the terms inflation premium (IP), default risk premium (DRP), liquidity premium (LP), and maturity risk premium (MRP). Which of these premiums is included when determining the interest rate on (1) short-term U. S. Treasury securities, (2) long-term U. S. Treasury securities, (3) short-term corporate securities, and (4) long-term corporate securities? Explain how the premiums would vary over time and among the different securities listed. Inflation premium is a premium added to the real risk-free rate of interest to compensate for potential inflation. The default risk premium is a premium based on the probability that the person who issues the loan will not follow through; this is measured with the difference between the U. S. interest rate on a Treasury bond and a corp. bond of equal maturity and marketability. A liquid asset can be sold at a predicted price in a short amount of time. A liquidity premium is added to the rate of interest on securities which are not liquid. The maturity risk premium reflects the interest rate risk. Long-term securities have more interest rate risk than short-term securities and the maturity risk premium is added to represent the risk. Short term long term treasury securities include an inflation premium. Long-term treasury securities also contains a maturity risk premium. Short-term rates on corporate securities are equal to the real-risk free rate plus premiums for inflation, liquidity and default risk. Premiums will alter based on the financial strength of the company and the degree of liquidity. Long term rates on corporate securities includes a premium for maturity risk. Corporate securities typically yield the greatest gains out of the four types of securities. . What is the term structure of interest rates? What is a yield curve? The term structure of interest rates is the relationship between interest rates, or yields, and maturities of securities. A yield curve shows the relationship between bond yields and maturities. e. Suppose most investors expect the inflation rate to be 5% next year, 6% the following year, and 8% thereafter. The real risk-free rate is 3%. The maturity risk premium is zero for bonds t hat mature in 1 year or less and 0. 1% for 2-year bonds; then the MRP increases by 0. % per year thereafter for 20 years, after which it is stable. What is the interest rate on 1-, 10-, and 20-year Treasury bonds? Draw a yield curve with these data. What factors can explain why this constructed yield curve is upward sloping? Average expected inflation rate over year 1 to year 20 Yr. 1: Interest Premium= 5% Yr. 10: IP= (5+6+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8)/10= 7. 5% Yr. 20: IP= (5+6+8+8+8+8=8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8)/20 =7. 75% Maturity risk premium in each year: Yr. 1: MRP= 0% Yr. 10: MRP= . 1% x 9 = 0. 9% Yr. 20: MRP= . 1% x 19 = 1. 9% Sum the IPs and MRPs, and add real risk-free rate: r*=3% Yr. 1: rRF= 3%+5%+0%= 8% Yr. 10: rRF= 3%+7. 5%+. 9%= 11. 4% Yr. 20: rRF= 3%+7. 75%+1. 9%= 12. 65% The shape of the curve depends on the expectations about future inflation and relative riskiness of securities with different maturities. In this situation the yield curve would be sloping upward which is because of the expected increase in inflation and maturity risk premium. f. At any given time, how would the yield curve facing a AAA-rated company compare with the yield curve for U. S. Treasury securities? At any given time, how would the yield curve facing a BB-rated company compare with the yield curve for U. S. Treasury securities? Draw a graph to illustrate your answer. The AAA rated curve, the BB rated curve and the U. S. treasury curve are all parallel to each other. The BB rated accumulates the most interest rate, then comes the AAA company and then the U. S. treasury. The yield normally slopes upward because short term interest rates are typically lower than long term interest rates. Corporate yield curves will always be above government yield curves. The riskier the corporation the higher the yield curve. The distance between the corporate yield curve and the treasury curve increases as the corporate bond’s rating decreases. g. What is the pure expectations theory? What does the pure expectations theory imply about the term structure of interest rates? The pure expectations theory is the theory that investors establish bond prices and interest rates on the sole basis of expectations for interest rates. The term structure of interest rates describes the relationship between long and short term rates. The investors are indifferent about maturity expectations of short-term and long-term bonds. The investors perceive long-term bonds to be riskier than short-term. h. Suppose you observe the following term structure for Treasury securities: MaturityYield 1 year6% 2 yrs. 6. 2% 3 yrs. 6. 4% 4 yrs. 6. 5% 5 yrs. 6. 5% r on 1 yr. securities one year from now: (1. 062)2= (1. 06)(1 + X) 1. 1278= (1. 06)(1 + X) 1. 1278/1. 06= 1 + X 6. 4%= X **Securities will yield 6. 4% r on 3 yr. securities two years from now: (1. 065)5= (1. 062)2(1 + X)3 (1. 065)5/(1. 062)2= (1 + X)3 1. 3701/1. 1278= (1 + X)3 (1. 2148)1/3 – 1= X 6. 7%= X. **Securities will yield 6. 7%